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Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial disease showing heterogenous symptoms, including dryness, photophobia, ocular discomfort, irritation and burning but also pain. These symptoms can affect visual function leading to restrictions in daily life activities and reduction in work productiv...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33790661 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S237487 |
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author | Baiula, Monica Spampinato, Santi |
author_facet | Baiula, Monica Spampinato, Santi |
author_sort | Baiula, Monica |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial disease showing heterogenous symptoms, including dryness, photophobia, ocular discomfort, irritation and burning but also pain. These symptoms can affect visual function leading to restrictions in daily life activities and reduction in work productivity with a consequently high impact on quality of life. Several pathological mechanisms contribute to the disease: evaporative water loss leads to impairment and loss of tear homeostasis inducing either directly or indirectly to inflammation, in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Dysregulated ocular immune responses result in ocular surface damage, which further contributes to DED pathogenesis. Currently, DED treatment is based on a flexible stepwise approach to identify the most beneficial intervention. Although most of the available treatments may control to a certain extent some signs and symptoms of DED, they show significant limitations and do not completely address the needs of patients suffering from DED. This review provides an overview of the emerging experimental therapies for DED. Several promising therapeutic strategies are under development with the aim of dampening inflammation and restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment. Results from early phase clinical trials, testing the effects of EnaC blockers, TRPM8 agonist or mesenchymal stem cells in DED patients, are especially awaited to demonstrate their therapeutic value for the treatment of DED. Moreover, the most advanced experimental strategies in the pipeline for DED, tivanisiran, IL-1R antagonist EBI-005 and SkQ1, are being tested in Phase III clinical trials, still ongoing. Nevertheless, although promising results, further studies are still needed to confirm efficacy and safety of the new emerging therapies for DED. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8001578 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80015782021-03-30 Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review Baiula, Monica Spampinato, Santi J Exp Pharmacol Review Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial disease showing heterogenous symptoms, including dryness, photophobia, ocular discomfort, irritation and burning but also pain. These symptoms can affect visual function leading to restrictions in daily life activities and reduction in work productivity with a consequently high impact on quality of life. Several pathological mechanisms contribute to the disease: evaporative water loss leads to impairment and loss of tear homeostasis inducing either directly or indirectly to inflammation, in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Dysregulated ocular immune responses result in ocular surface damage, which further contributes to DED pathogenesis. Currently, DED treatment is based on a flexible stepwise approach to identify the most beneficial intervention. Although most of the available treatments may control to a certain extent some signs and symptoms of DED, they show significant limitations and do not completely address the needs of patients suffering from DED. This review provides an overview of the emerging experimental therapies for DED. Several promising therapeutic strategies are under development with the aim of dampening inflammation and restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment. Results from early phase clinical trials, testing the effects of EnaC blockers, TRPM8 agonist or mesenchymal stem cells in DED patients, are especially awaited to demonstrate their therapeutic value for the treatment of DED. Moreover, the most advanced experimental strategies in the pipeline for DED, tivanisiran, IL-1R antagonist EBI-005 and SkQ1, are being tested in Phase III clinical trials, still ongoing. Nevertheless, although promising results, further studies are still needed to confirm efficacy and safety of the new emerging therapies for DED. Dove 2021-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8001578/ /pubmed/33790661 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S237487 Text en © 2021 Baiula and Spampinato. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Review Baiula, Monica Spampinato, Santi Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title | Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title_full | Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title_fullStr | Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title_short | Experimental Pharmacotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: A Review |
title_sort | experimental pharmacotherapy for dry eye disease: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33790661 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S237487 |
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