Effect of Mesopore Development on Butane Working Capacity of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon for Automobile Canister

Kenaf-derived activated carbons (AKC) were prepared by H(3)PO(4) activation for automobile canisters. The microstructural properties of AKC were observed using Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction. The textural properties were studied using N(2)/77 K adsorption isotherms. Butane working capacity was determined according to the ASTM D5228. From the results, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the AKC was determined to be 1260–1810 m(2)/g and 0.68–2.77 cm(3)/g, respectively. As the activation time increased, the butane activity and retentivity of the AKC increased, and were observed to be from 32.34 to 58.81% and from 3.55 to 10.12%, respectively. The mesopore ratio of activated carbon increased with increasing activation time and was observed up to 78% at 973 K. This indicates that butane activity and retentivity could be a function not only of the specific surface area or total pore volume, but also of the mesopore volume fraction in the range of 2.8–3.8 nm and 5.5-6.5 nm of adsorbents, respectively. The AKC exhibit enhanced butane working capacity compared to commercial activated carbon with the high performance of butane working capacity due to its pore structure having a high mesopore ratio.