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Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016

The early years, between the ages of one and six, are a period of rapid physical, social and cognitive growth and a nutritionally adequate diet is an important factor for optimum development. We investigated the micronutrient adequacy and status of young US children aged 1–6 years (n = 9848) using 2...

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Autores principales: Bailey, Ariana D.L., Fulgoni III, Victor L., Shah, Neil, Patterson, Ashley C., Gutierrez-Orozco, Fabiola, Mathews, Rebecca S., Walsh, Kelly R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030827
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author Bailey, Ariana D.L.
Fulgoni III, Victor L.
Shah, Neil
Patterson, Ashley C.
Gutierrez-Orozco, Fabiola
Mathews, Rebecca S.
Walsh, Kelly R.
author_facet Bailey, Ariana D.L.
Fulgoni III, Victor L.
Shah, Neil
Patterson, Ashley C.
Gutierrez-Orozco, Fabiola
Mathews, Rebecca S.
Walsh, Kelly R.
author_sort Bailey, Ariana D.L.
collection PubMed
description The early years, between the ages of one and six, are a period of rapid physical, social and cognitive growth and a nutritionally adequate diet is an important factor for optimum development. We investigated the micronutrient adequacy and status of young US children aged 1–6 years (n = 9848) using 24-h dietary recall interviews completed by parents and caregivers participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2016. data. The proportion of the sample not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) increased with increasing age and was most pronounced for calcium. Despite adequate iron intake, 7.4% and 2.5% had signs of iron deficiency and anemia based on serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels, with younger children and WIC participants at most risk and Non-Hispanic Black children the least. Vitamin B6 intake was adequate, but 6.4% had serum pyridoxal-5-phosphate deficiency. For vitamin E, 69% had intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), yet serum deficiency was only detected in 0.9%. Vitamin D intake was inadequate for 87%, but true deficiency may be overestimated. Mean DHA intake was 24 mg/d, well below expert recommendations of 70–100 mg/day. Iron and vitamin B6 deficiency and inadequate calcium, fiber, choline, potassium and DHA intakes are a concern for a significant percentage of young children. The discrepancy between nutrient intakes and serum deficiency levels needs to be further investigated.
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spelling pubmed-80022012021-03-28 Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016 Bailey, Ariana D.L. Fulgoni III, Victor L. Shah, Neil Patterson, Ashley C. Gutierrez-Orozco, Fabiola Mathews, Rebecca S. Walsh, Kelly R. Nutrients Article The early years, between the ages of one and six, are a period of rapid physical, social and cognitive growth and a nutritionally adequate diet is an important factor for optimum development. We investigated the micronutrient adequacy and status of young US children aged 1–6 years (n = 9848) using 24-h dietary recall interviews completed by parents and caregivers participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2016. data. The proportion of the sample not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) increased with increasing age and was most pronounced for calcium. Despite adequate iron intake, 7.4% and 2.5% had signs of iron deficiency and anemia based on serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels, with younger children and WIC participants at most risk and Non-Hispanic Black children the least. Vitamin B6 intake was adequate, but 6.4% had serum pyridoxal-5-phosphate deficiency. For vitamin E, 69% had intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), yet serum deficiency was only detected in 0.9%. Vitamin D intake was inadequate for 87%, but true deficiency may be overestimated. Mean DHA intake was 24 mg/d, well below expert recommendations of 70–100 mg/day. Iron and vitamin B6 deficiency and inadequate calcium, fiber, choline, potassium and DHA intakes are a concern for a significant percentage of young children. The discrepancy between nutrient intakes and serum deficiency levels needs to be further investigated. MDPI 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8002201/ /pubmed/33802295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030827 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Bailey, Ariana D.L.
Fulgoni III, Victor L.
Shah, Neil
Patterson, Ashley C.
Gutierrez-Orozco, Fabiola
Mathews, Rebecca S.
Walsh, Kelly R.
Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title_full Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title_fullStr Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title_full_unstemmed Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title_short Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016
title_sort nutrient intake adequacy from food and beverage intake of us children aged 1–6 years from nhanes 2001–2016
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802295
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030827
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