Cargando…

Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious cattle diseases worldwide. The major source of virus transmission is immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves, which makes them the key target of control programs. In the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, a very low pr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Albrecht, Kerstin, Linder, Miriam, Heinrich, Anja, Höche, Jennifer, Beer, Martin, Gaede, Wolfgang, Wernike, Kerstin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030360
_version_ 1783671568144007168
author Albrecht, Kerstin
Linder, Miriam
Heinrich, Anja
Höche, Jennifer
Beer, Martin
Gaede, Wolfgang
Wernike, Kerstin
author_facet Albrecht, Kerstin
Linder, Miriam
Heinrich, Anja
Höche, Jennifer
Beer, Martin
Gaede, Wolfgang
Wernike, Kerstin
author_sort Albrecht, Kerstin
collection PubMed
description Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious cattle diseases worldwide. The major source of virus transmission is immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves, which makes them the key target of control programs. In the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, a very low prevalence was achieved, with more than 99.8% of the cattle herds being free from PI animals since the year 2013. In 2017, BVD virus was detected in a previously disease-free holding (herd size of ~380 cows, their offspring, and fattening bulls). The purchase of two so-called Trojan cows, i.e., dams pregnant with a PI calf, was identified as the source of infection. The births of the PI animals resulted in transient infections of in-contact dams, accompanied by vertical virus transmission to their fetuses within the critical timeframe for the induction of PI calves. Forty-eight days after the birth of the first PI calf, all animals in close contact with the Trojan cows during their parturition period were blood-sampled and serologically examined by a neutralization test and several commercial ELISAs. The resulting seroprevalence strongly depended on the applied test system. The outbreak could be stopped by the immediate elimination of every newborn PI calf and vaccination, and since 2018, no BVD cases have occurred.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8002923
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80029232021-03-28 Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications Albrecht, Kerstin Linder, Miriam Heinrich, Anja Höche, Jennifer Beer, Martin Gaede, Wolfgang Wernike, Kerstin Pathogens Article Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious cattle diseases worldwide. The major source of virus transmission is immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves, which makes them the key target of control programs. In the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, a very low prevalence was achieved, with more than 99.8% of the cattle herds being free from PI animals since the year 2013. In 2017, BVD virus was detected in a previously disease-free holding (herd size of ~380 cows, their offspring, and fattening bulls). The purchase of two so-called Trojan cows, i.e., dams pregnant with a PI calf, was identified as the source of infection. The births of the PI animals resulted in transient infections of in-contact dams, accompanied by vertical virus transmission to their fetuses within the critical timeframe for the induction of PI calves. Forty-eight days after the birth of the first PI calf, all animals in close contact with the Trojan cows during their parturition period were blood-sampled and serologically examined by a neutralization test and several commercial ELISAs. The resulting seroprevalence strongly depended on the applied test system. The outbreak could be stopped by the immediate elimination of every newborn PI calf and vaccination, and since 2018, no BVD cases have occurred. MDPI 2021-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8002923/ /pubmed/33803542 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030360 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Albrecht, Kerstin
Linder, Miriam
Heinrich, Anja
Höche, Jennifer
Beer, Martin
Gaede, Wolfgang
Wernike, Kerstin
Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title_full Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title_fullStr Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title_full_unstemmed Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title_short Re-Introduction of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in a Disease-Free Region: Impact on the Affected Cattle Herd and Diagnostic Implications
title_sort re-introduction of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a disease-free region: impact on the affected cattle herd and diagnostic implications
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803542
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030360
work_keys_str_mv AT albrechtkerstin reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT lindermiriam reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT heinrichanja reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT hochejennifer reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT beermartin reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT gaedewolfgang reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications
AT wernikekerstin reintroductionofbovineviraldiarrheavirusinadiseasefreeregionimpactontheaffectedcattleherdanddiagnosticimplications