Cargando…

Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review

Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Düerkop, Dennis, Widdecke, Hartmut, Schilde, Carsten, Kunz, Ulrich, Schmiemann, Achim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030214
_version_ 1783671595024252928
author Düerkop, Dennis
Widdecke, Hartmut
Schilde, Carsten
Kunz, Ulrich
Schmiemann, Achim
author_facet Düerkop, Dennis
Widdecke, Hartmut
Schilde, Carsten
Kunz, Ulrich
Schmiemann, Achim
author_sort Düerkop, Dennis
collection PubMed
description Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable more environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially for stationary applications. As a critical component of the electrochemical cell, the membrane influences battery performance, cycle stability, initial investment and maintenance costs. This review provides an overview about flow-battery targeted membranes in the past years (1995–2020). More than 200 membrane samples are sorted into fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons or N-heterocycles according to the basic polymer used. Furthermore, the common description in membrane technology regarding the membrane structure is applied, whereby the samples are categorized as dense homogeneous, dense heterogeneous, symmetrical or asymmetrically porous. Moreover, these properties as well as the efficiencies achieved from VRFB cycling tests are discussed, e.g., membrane samples of fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons and N-heterocycles as a function of current density. Membrane properties taken into consideration include membrane thickness, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium-ion diffusion. The data on cycle stability and costs of commercial membranes, as well as membrane developments, are compared. Overall, this investigation shows that dense anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and N-heterocycle-based membranes, especially poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) membranes, are suitable for VRFB requiring low self-discharge. Symmetric and asymmetric porous membranes, as well as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) enable VRFB operation at high current densities. Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEM) and dense heterogeneous CEM are the choice for operation mode with the highest energy efficiency.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8003036
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80030362021-03-28 Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review Düerkop, Dennis Widdecke, Hartmut Schilde, Carsten Kunz, Ulrich Schmiemann, Achim Membranes (Basel) Review Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable more environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially for stationary applications. As a critical component of the electrochemical cell, the membrane influences battery performance, cycle stability, initial investment and maintenance costs. This review provides an overview about flow-battery targeted membranes in the past years (1995–2020). More than 200 membrane samples are sorted into fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons or N-heterocycles according to the basic polymer used. Furthermore, the common description in membrane technology regarding the membrane structure is applied, whereby the samples are categorized as dense homogeneous, dense heterogeneous, symmetrical or asymmetrically porous. Moreover, these properties as well as the efficiencies achieved from VRFB cycling tests are discussed, e.g., membrane samples of fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons and N-heterocycles as a function of current density. Membrane properties taken into consideration include membrane thickness, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium-ion diffusion. The data on cycle stability and costs of commercial membranes, as well as membrane developments, are compared. Overall, this investigation shows that dense anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and N-heterocycle-based membranes, especially poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) membranes, are suitable for VRFB requiring low self-discharge. Symmetric and asymmetric porous membranes, as well as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) enable VRFB operation at high current densities. Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEM) and dense heterogeneous CEM are the choice for operation mode with the highest energy efficiency. MDPI 2021-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8003036/ /pubmed/33803681 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030214 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Düerkop, Dennis
Widdecke, Hartmut
Schilde, Carsten
Kunz, Ulrich
Schmiemann, Achim
Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title_full Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title_fullStr Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title_short Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review
title_sort polymer membranes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003036/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803681
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11030214
work_keys_str_mv AT duerkopdennis polymermembranesforallvanadiumredoxflowbatteriesareview
AT widdeckehartmut polymermembranesforallvanadiumredoxflowbatteriesareview
AT schildecarsten polymermembranesforallvanadiumredoxflowbatteriesareview
AT kunzulrich polymermembranesforallvanadiumredoxflowbatteriesareview
AT schmiemannachim polymermembranesforallvanadiumredoxflowbatteriesareview