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The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia
As global plant trade expands, tree disease epidemics caused by pathogen introductions are increasing. Since ca 2000, the introduced oomycete Phytophthora ramorum has caused devastating epidemics in Europe and North America, spreading as four ancient clonal lineages, each of a single mating type, su...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003361/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030226 |
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author | Jung, Thomas Horta Jung, Marília Webber, Joan F. Kageyama, Koji Hieno, Ayaka Masuya, Hayato Uematsu, Seiji Pérez-Sierra, Ana Harris, Anna R. Forster, Jack Rees, Helen Scanu, Bruno Patra, Sneha Kudláček, Tomáš Janoušek, Josef Corcobado, Tamara Milenković, Ivan Nagy, Zoltán Csorba, Ildikó Bakonyi, József Brasier, Clive M. |
author_facet | Jung, Thomas Horta Jung, Marília Webber, Joan F. Kageyama, Koji Hieno, Ayaka Masuya, Hayato Uematsu, Seiji Pérez-Sierra, Ana Harris, Anna R. Forster, Jack Rees, Helen Scanu, Bruno Patra, Sneha Kudláček, Tomáš Janoušek, Josef Corcobado, Tamara Milenković, Ivan Nagy, Zoltán Csorba, Ildikó Bakonyi, József Brasier, Clive M. |
author_sort | Jung, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | As global plant trade expands, tree disease epidemics caused by pathogen introductions are increasing. Since ca 2000, the introduced oomycete Phytophthora ramorum has caused devastating epidemics in Europe and North America, spreading as four ancient clonal lineages, each of a single mating type, suggesting different geographical origins. We surveyed laurosilva forests for P. ramorum around Fansipan mountain on the Vietnam-China border and on Shikoku and Kyushu islands, southwest Japan. The surveys yielded 71 P. ramorum isolates which we assigned to eight new lineages, IC1 to IC5 from Vietnam and NP1 to NP3 from Japan, based on differences in colony characteristics, gene x environment responses and multigene phylogeny. Molecular phylogenetic trees and networks revealed the eight Asian lineages were dispersed across the topology of the introduced European and North American lineages. The deepest node within P. ramorum, the divergence of lineages NP1 and NP2, was estimated at 0.5 to 1.6 Myr. The Asian lineages were each of a single mating type, and at some locations, lineages of “opposite” mating type were present, suggesting opportunities for inter-lineage recombination. Based on the high level of phenotypic and phylogenetic diversity in the sample populations, the coalescence results and the absence of overt host symptoms, we conclude that P. ramorum comprises many anciently divergent lineages native to the laurosilva forests between eastern Indochina and Japan. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8003361 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80033612021-03-28 The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia Jung, Thomas Horta Jung, Marília Webber, Joan F. Kageyama, Koji Hieno, Ayaka Masuya, Hayato Uematsu, Seiji Pérez-Sierra, Ana Harris, Anna R. Forster, Jack Rees, Helen Scanu, Bruno Patra, Sneha Kudláček, Tomáš Janoušek, Josef Corcobado, Tamara Milenković, Ivan Nagy, Zoltán Csorba, Ildikó Bakonyi, József Brasier, Clive M. J Fungi (Basel) Article As global plant trade expands, tree disease epidemics caused by pathogen introductions are increasing. Since ca 2000, the introduced oomycete Phytophthora ramorum has caused devastating epidemics in Europe and North America, spreading as four ancient clonal lineages, each of a single mating type, suggesting different geographical origins. We surveyed laurosilva forests for P. ramorum around Fansipan mountain on the Vietnam-China border and on Shikoku and Kyushu islands, southwest Japan. The surveys yielded 71 P. ramorum isolates which we assigned to eight new lineages, IC1 to IC5 from Vietnam and NP1 to NP3 from Japan, based on differences in colony characteristics, gene x environment responses and multigene phylogeny. Molecular phylogenetic trees and networks revealed the eight Asian lineages were dispersed across the topology of the introduced European and North American lineages. The deepest node within P. ramorum, the divergence of lineages NP1 and NP2, was estimated at 0.5 to 1.6 Myr. The Asian lineages were each of a single mating type, and at some locations, lineages of “opposite” mating type were present, suggesting opportunities for inter-lineage recombination. Based on the high level of phenotypic and phylogenetic diversity in the sample populations, the coalescence results and the absence of overt host symptoms, we conclude that P. ramorum comprises many anciently divergent lineages native to the laurosilva forests between eastern Indochina and Japan. MDPI 2021-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8003361/ /pubmed/33803849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030226 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Jung, Thomas Horta Jung, Marília Webber, Joan F. Kageyama, Koji Hieno, Ayaka Masuya, Hayato Uematsu, Seiji Pérez-Sierra, Ana Harris, Anna R. Forster, Jack Rees, Helen Scanu, Bruno Patra, Sneha Kudláček, Tomáš Janoušek, Josef Corcobado, Tamara Milenković, Ivan Nagy, Zoltán Csorba, Ildikó Bakonyi, József Brasier, Clive M. The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title | The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title_full | The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title_fullStr | The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title_full_unstemmed | The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title_short | The Destructive Tree Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum Originates from the Laurosilva Forests of East Asia |
title_sort | destructive tree pathogen phytophthora ramorum originates from the laurosilva forests of east asia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003361/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030226 |
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