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Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals

Reassortment among co-infecting influenza A viruses (IAVs) is an important source of viral diversity and can facilitate expansion into novel host species. Indeed, reassortment played a key role in the evolution of the last three pandemic IAVs. Observed patterns of reassortment within a coinfected ho...

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Autores principales: Ganti, Ketaki, Bagga, Anish, DaSilva, Juliana, Shepard, Samuel S., Barnes, John R., Shriner, Susan, Koelle, Katia, Lowen, Anice C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003500/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808674
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030509
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author Ganti, Ketaki
Bagga, Anish
DaSilva, Juliana
Shepard, Samuel S.
Barnes, John R.
Shriner, Susan
Koelle, Katia
Lowen, Anice C.
author_facet Ganti, Ketaki
Bagga, Anish
DaSilva, Juliana
Shepard, Samuel S.
Barnes, John R.
Shriner, Susan
Koelle, Katia
Lowen, Anice C.
author_sort Ganti, Ketaki
collection PubMed
description Reassortment among co-infecting influenza A viruses (IAVs) is an important source of viral diversity and can facilitate expansion into novel host species. Indeed, reassortment played a key role in the evolution of the last three pandemic IAVs. Observed patterns of reassortment within a coinfected host are likely to be shaped by several factors, including viral load, the extent of viral mixing within the host and the stringency of selection. These factors in turn are expected to vary among the diverse host species that IAV infects. To investigate host differences in IAV reassortment, here we examined reassortment of two distinct avian IAVs within their natural host (mallards) and a mammalian model system (guinea pigs). Animals were co-inoculated with A/wildbird/California/187718-36/2008 (H3N8) and A/mallard/Colorado/P66F1-5/2008 (H4N6) viruses. Longitudinal samples were collected from the cloaca of mallards or the nasal tract of guinea pigs and viral genetic exchange was monitored by genotyping clonal isolates from these samples. Relative to those in guinea pigs, viral populations in mallards showed higher frequencies of reassortant genotypes and were characterized by higher genotype richness and diversity. In line with these observations, analysis of pairwise segment combinations revealed lower linkage disequilibrium in mallards as compared to guinea pigs. No clear longitudinal patterns in richness, diversity or linkage disequilibrium were present in either host. Our results reveal mallards to be a highly permissive host for IAV reassortment and suggest that reduced viral mixing limits avian IAV reassortment in a mammalian host.
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spelling pubmed-80035002021-03-28 Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals Ganti, Ketaki Bagga, Anish DaSilva, Juliana Shepard, Samuel S. Barnes, John R. Shriner, Susan Koelle, Katia Lowen, Anice C. Viruses Article Reassortment among co-infecting influenza A viruses (IAVs) is an important source of viral diversity and can facilitate expansion into novel host species. Indeed, reassortment played a key role in the evolution of the last three pandemic IAVs. Observed patterns of reassortment within a coinfected host are likely to be shaped by several factors, including viral load, the extent of viral mixing within the host and the stringency of selection. These factors in turn are expected to vary among the diverse host species that IAV infects. To investigate host differences in IAV reassortment, here we examined reassortment of two distinct avian IAVs within their natural host (mallards) and a mammalian model system (guinea pigs). Animals were co-inoculated with A/wildbird/California/187718-36/2008 (H3N8) and A/mallard/Colorado/P66F1-5/2008 (H4N6) viruses. Longitudinal samples were collected from the cloaca of mallards or the nasal tract of guinea pigs and viral genetic exchange was monitored by genotyping clonal isolates from these samples. Relative to those in guinea pigs, viral populations in mallards showed higher frequencies of reassortant genotypes and were characterized by higher genotype richness and diversity. In line with these observations, analysis of pairwise segment combinations revealed lower linkage disequilibrium in mallards as compared to guinea pigs. No clear longitudinal patterns in richness, diversity or linkage disequilibrium were present in either host. Our results reveal mallards to be a highly permissive host for IAV reassortment and suggest that reduced viral mixing limits avian IAV reassortment in a mammalian host. MDPI 2021-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8003500/ /pubmed/33808674 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030509 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Ganti, Ketaki
Bagga, Anish
DaSilva, Juliana
Shepard, Samuel S.
Barnes, John R.
Shriner, Susan
Koelle, Katia
Lowen, Anice C.
Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title_full Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title_fullStr Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title_full_unstemmed Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title_short Avian Influenza A Viruses Reassort and Diversify Differently in Mallards and Mammals
title_sort avian influenza a viruses reassort and diversify differently in mallards and mammals
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003500/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808674
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030509
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