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MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors

The advent of precision therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing different neoplasms is revolutionizing the oncology field, opening novel treatment scenarios. However, the onset of resistance mechanisms put in place by the tumor is increasingly emerging, making the use of these dru...

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Autores principales: Angerilli, Valentina, Galuppini, Francesca, Businello, Gianluca, Dal Santo, Luca, Savarino, Edoardo, Realdon, Stefano, Guzzardo, Vincenza, Nicolè, Lorenzo, Lazzarin, Vanni, Lonardi, Sara, Loupakis, Fotios, Fassan, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318
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author Angerilli, Valentina
Galuppini, Francesca
Businello, Gianluca
Dal Santo, Luca
Savarino, Edoardo
Realdon, Stefano
Guzzardo, Vincenza
Nicolè, Lorenzo
Lazzarin, Vanni
Lonardi, Sara
Loupakis, Fotios
Fassan, Matteo
author_facet Angerilli, Valentina
Galuppini, Francesca
Businello, Gianluca
Dal Santo, Luca
Savarino, Edoardo
Realdon, Stefano
Guzzardo, Vincenza
Nicolè, Lorenzo
Lazzarin, Vanni
Lonardi, Sara
Loupakis, Fotios
Fassan, Matteo
author_sort Angerilli, Valentina
collection PubMed
description The advent of precision therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing different neoplasms is revolutionizing the oncology field, opening novel treatment scenarios. However, the onset of resistance mechanisms put in place by the tumor is increasingly emerging, making the use of these drugs ineffective over time. Therefore, the search for indicators that can monitor the development of resistance mechanisms and above all ways to overcome it, is increasingly important. In this scenario, microRNAs are ideal candidate biomarkers, being crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with a well-known role in mediating mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, as microRNAs are stable molecules, easily detectable in tissues and biofluids, they are the ideal candidate biomarker to identify patients with primary resistance to a specific targeted therapy and those who have developed acquired resistance. The aim of this review is to summarize the major studies that have investigated the role of microRNAs as mediators of resistance to targeted therapies currently in use in gastro-intestinal neoplasms, namely anti-EGFR, anti-HER2 and anti-VEGF antibodies, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. For every microRNA and microRNA signature analyzed, the putative mechanisms underlying drug resistance were outlined and the potential to be translated in clinical practice was evaluated.
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spelling pubmed-80038702021-03-28 MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors Angerilli, Valentina Galuppini, Francesca Businello, Gianluca Dal Santo, Luca Savarino, Edoardo Realdon, Stefano Guzzardo, Vincenza Nicolè, Lorenzo Lazzarin, Vanni Lonardi, Sara Loupakis, Fotios Fassan, Matteo Biomedicines Review The advent of precision therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing different neoplasms is revolutionizing the oncology field, opening novel treatment scenarios. However, the onset of resistance mechanisms put in place by the tumor is increasingly emerging, making the use of these drugs ineffective over time. Therefore, the search for indicators that can monitor the development of resistance mechanisms and above all ways to overcome it, is increasingly important. In this scenario, microRNAs are ideal candidate biomarkers, being crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with a well-known role in mediating mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, as microRNAs are stable molecules, easily detectable in tissues and biofluids, they are the ideal candidate biomarker to identify patients with primary resistance to a specific targeted therapy and those who have developed acquired resistance. The aim of this review is to summarize the major studies that have investigated the role of microRNAs as mediators of resistance to targeted therapies currently in use in gastro-intestinal neoplasms, namely anti-EGFR, anti-HER2 and anti-VEGF antibodies, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. For every microRNA and microRNA signature analyzed, the putative mechanisms underlying drug resistance were outlined and the potential to be translated in clinical practice was evaluated. MDPI 2021-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8003870/ /pubmed/33801049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Angerilli, Valentina
Galuppini, Francesca
Businello, Gianluca
Dal Santo, Luca
Savarino, Edoardo
Realdon, Stefano
Guzzardo, Vincenza
Nicolè, Lorenzo
Lazzarin, Vanni
Lonardi, Sara
Loupakis, Fotios
Fassan, Matteo
MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title_full MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title_fullStr MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title_full_unstemmed MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title_short MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Tumors
title_sort micrornas as predictive biomarkers of resistance to targeted therapies in gastrointestinal tumors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003870/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030318
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