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Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System

Silk refers to a family of natural fibers spun by several species of invertebrates such as spiders and silkworms. In particular, silkworm silk, the silk spun by Bombyx mori larvae, has been primarily used in the textile industry and in clinical settings as a main component of sutures for tissue repa...

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Autores principales: Yonesi, Mahdi, Garcia-Nieto, Mario, Guinea, Gustavo V., Panetsos, Fivos, Pérez-Rigueiro, José, González-Nieto, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8004633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33806846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030429
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author Yonesi, Mahdi
Garcia-Nieto, Mario
Guinea, Gustavo V.
Panetsos, Fivos
Pérez-Rigueiro, José
González-Nieto, Daniel
author_facet Yonesi, Mahdi
Garcia-Nieto, Mario
Guinea, Gustavo V.
Panetsos, Fivos
Pérez-Rigueiro, José
González-Nieto, Daniel
author_sort Yonesi, Mahdi
collection PubMed
description Silk refers to a family of natural fibers spun by several species of invertebrates such as spiders and silkworms. In particular, silkworm silk, the silk spun by Bombyx mori larvae, has been primarily used in the textile industry and in clinical settings as a main component of sutures for tissue repairing and wound ligation. The biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical performance, controllable degradation, and the possibility of producing silk-based materials in several formats, have laid the basic principles that have triggered and extended the use of this material in regenerative medicine. The field of neural soft tissue engineering is not an exception, as it has taken advantage of the properties of silk to promote neuronal growth and nerve guidance. In addition, silk has notable intrinsic properties and the by-products derived from its degradation show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Finally, this material can be employed for the controlled release of factors and drugs, as well as for the encapsulation and implantation of exogenous stem and progenitor cells with therapeutic capacity. In this article, we review the state of the art on manufacturing methodologies and properties of fiber-based and non-fiber-based formats, as well as the application of silk-based biomaterials to neuroprotect and regenerate the damaged nervous system. We review previous studies that strategically have used silk to enhance therapeutics dealing with highly prevalent central and peripheral disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and peripheral trauma. Finally, we discuss previous research focused on the modification of this biomaterial, through biofunctionalization techniques and/or the creation of novel composite formulations, that aim to transform silk, beyond its natural performance, into more efficient silk-based-polymers towards the clinical arena of neuroprotection and regeneration in nervous system diseases.
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spelling pubmed-80046332021-03-29 Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System Yonesi, Mahdi Garcia-Nieto, Mario Guinea, Gustavo V. Panetsos, Fivos Pérez-Rigueiro, José González-Nieto, Daniel Pharmaceutics Review Silk refers to a family of natural fibers spun by several species of invertebrates such as spiders and silkworms. In particular, silkworm silk, the silk spun by Bombyx mori larvae, has been primarily used in the textile industry and in clinical settings as a main component of sutures for tissue repairing and wound ligation. The biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical performance, controllable degradation, and the possibility of producing silk-based materials in several formats, have laid the basic principles that have triggered and extended the use of this material in regenerative medicine. The field of neural soft tissue engineering is not an exception, as it has taken advantage of the properties of silk to promote neuronal growth and nerve guidance. In addition, silk has notable intrinsic properties and the by-products derived from its degradation show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Finally, this material can be employed for the controlled release of factors and drugs, as well as for the encapsulation and implantation of exogenous stem and progenitor cells with therapeutic capacity. In this article, we review the state of the art on manufacturing methodologies and properties of fiber-based and non-fiber-based formats, as well as the application of silk-based biomaterials to neuroprotect and regenerate the damaged nervous system. We review previous studies that strategically have used silk to enhance therapeutics dealing with highly prevalent central and peripheral disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and peripheral trauma. Finally, we discuss previous research focused on the modification of this biomaterial, through biofunctionalization techniques and/or the creation of novel composite formulations, that aim to transform silk, beyond its natural performance, into more efficient silk-based-polymers towards the clinical arena of neuroprotection and regeneration in nervous system diseases. MDPI 2021-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8004633/ /pubmed/33806846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030429 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Yonesi, Mahdi
Garcia-Nieto, Mario
Guinea, Gustavo V.
Panetsos, Fivos
Pérez-Rigueiro, José
González-Nieto, Daniel
Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title_full Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title_fullStr Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title_short Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System
title_sort silk fibroin: an ancient material for repairing the injured nervous system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8004633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33806846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030429
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