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Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event
Extant research is growing in its ability to explain sex differences in novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and mortality. Moving beyond comparisons based on biological sex is now warranted to capture a more nuanced picture of disparities in COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality specifically amon...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005096/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063284 |
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author | Hawkins, Jaclynn Gilcher, Karen Schwenzer, Claudia Lutz, Michael |
author_facet | Hawkins, Jaclynn Gilcher, Karen Schwenzer, Claudia Lutz, Michael |
author_sort | Hawkins, Jaclynn |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extant research is growing in its ability to explain sex differences in novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and mortality. Moving beyond comparisons based on biological sex is now warranted to capture a more nuanced picture of disparities in COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality specifically among men who are more likely to die of the illness. The objective of this study was to investigate racial disparities in COVID-19-related psychosocial, behavior and health variables among men. The present study utilizes a sample of 824 men who participated in a free health event held in a Midwestern state. Chi-square analysis showed that African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues (χ(2) = 4.60 p = 0.03); higher COVID-19 diagnosis (χ(2) = 4.60 p = 0.02); trouble paying for food (χ(2) = 8.47, p = 0.00), rent (χ(2) = 12.26, p = 0.00), medication (χ(2) = 7.10 p = 0.01) and utility bills (χ(2) = 19.68, p = 0.00); higher fear of contracting COVID-19 (χ(2) = 31.19, p = 0.00); and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID (χ(2) = 48.85, p = 0.00). Non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men (χ(2) = 10.21, p = 0.01). Regression analysis showed that race was a significant predictor of self-reported COVID-19 diagnosis (OR = 2.56, p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics. The results showed that compared to non-Hispanic White men, African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues; higher COVID-19 diagnosis; trouble paying for food, rent, medication and utility bills; higher fear of contracting COVID-19; and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID. Interestingly, non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8005096 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80050962021-03-29 Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event Hawkins, Jaclynn Gilcher, Karen Schwenzer, Claudia Lutz, Michael Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Extant research is growing in its ability to explain sex differences in novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and mortality. Moving beyond comparisons based on biological sex is now warranted to capture a more nuanced picture of disparities in COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality specifically among men who are more likely to die of the illness. The objective of this study was to investigate racial disparities in COVID-19-related psychosocial, behavior and health variables among men. The present study utilizes a sample of 824 men who participated in a free health event held in a Midwestern state. Chi-square analysis showed that African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues (χ(2) = 4.60 p = 0.03); higher COVID-19 diagnosis (χ(2) = 4.60 p = 0.02); trouble paying for food (χ(2) = 8.47, p = 0.00), rent (χ(2) = 12.26, p = 0.00), medication (χ(2) = 7.10 p = 0.01) and utility bills (χ(2) = 19.68, p = 0.00); higher fear of contracting COVID-19 (χ(2) = 31.19, p = 0.00); and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID (χ(2) = 48.85, p = 0.00). Non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men (χ(2) = 10.21, p = 0.01). Regression analysis showed that race was a significant predictor of self-reported COVID-19 diagnosis (OR = 2.56, p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics. The results showed that compared to non-Hispanic White men, African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues; higher COVID-19 diagnosis; trouble paying for food, rent, medication and utility bills; higher fear of contracting COVID-19; and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID. Interestingly, non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men. MDPI 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8005096/ /pubmed/33810055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063284 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hawkins, Jaclynn Gilcher, Karen Schwenzer, Claudia Lutz, Michael Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title | Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title_full | Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title_fullStr | Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title_short | Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men’s Health Event |
title_sort | investigating racial differences among men in covid-19 diagnosis, and related psychosocial and behavioral factors: data from the michigan men’s health event |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005096/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063284 |
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