Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma

Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy has defined a new age in melanoma treatment, but responses remain inconsistent and some patients develop treatment resistance. The myriad of newly developed small molecular (SM) inhibitors...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chacon, Alexander C., Melucci, Alexa D., Qin, Shuyang S., Prieto, Peter A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063228
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author Chacon, Alexander C.
Melucci, Alexa D.
Qin, Shuyang S.
Prieto, Peter A.
author_facet Chacon, Alexander C.
Melucci, Alexa D.
Qin, Shuyang S.
Prieto, Peter A.
author_sort Chacon, Alexander C.
collection PubMed
description Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy has defined a new age in melanoma treatment, but responses remain inconsistent and some patients develop treatment resistance. The myriad of newly developed small molecular (SM) inhibitors of specific effector targets now affords a plethora of opportunities to increase therapeutic responses, even in resistant melanoma. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of SM classes currently under investigation, current and prospective clinical combinations of ICI and SM therapies, and their potential for synergism in melanoma eradication based on established mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance.
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spelling pubmed-80051122021-03-29 Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma Chacon, Alexander C. Melucci, Alexa D. Qin, Shuyang S. Prieto, Peter A. Int J Mol Sci Review Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy has defined a new age in melanoma treatment, but responses remain inconsistent and some patients develop treatment resistance. The myriad of newly developed small molecular (SM) inhibitors of specific effector targets now affords a plethora of opportunities to increase therapeutic responses, even in resistant melanoma. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of SM classes currently under investigation, current and prospective clinical combinations of ICI and SM therapies, and their potential for synergism in melanoma eradication based on established mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance. MDPI 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8005112/ /pubmed/33810078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063228 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chacon, Alexander C.
Melucci, Alexa D.
Qin, Shuyang S.
Prieto, Peter A.
Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title_full Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title_fullStr Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title_full_unstemmed Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title_short Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma
title_sort thinking small: small molecules as potential synergistic adjuncts to checkpoint inhibition in melanoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005112/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810078
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063228
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