Cargando…

Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka

Extensive use of herbicides is common among rural agricultural workers in Sri Lanka. Recent studies have postulated their role in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). Paraquat and glyphosate are leading herbicides used by sugarcane farmers (SF), hence occupational ex...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Abdul, K.S.M., De Silva, P. Mangala C.S., Ekanayake, E.M.D.V., Thakshila, W.A.K.G., Gunarathna, S.D., Gunasekara, T.D.K.S.C., Jayasinghe, S.S., Asanthi, H.B., Chandana, E.P.S., Chaminda, G.G.T., Siribaddana, S.H., Jayasundara, Nishad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005187/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810013
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063278
_version_ 1783672076578586624
author Abdul, K.S.M.
De Silva, P. Mangala C.S.
Ekanayake, E.M.D.V.
Thakshila, W.A.K.G.
Gunarathna, S.D.
Gunasekara, T.D.K.S.C.
Jayasinghe, S.S.
Asanthi, H.B.
Chandana, E.P.S.
Chaminda, G.G.T.
Siribaddana, S.H.
Jayasundara, Nishad
author_facet Abdul, K.S.M.
De Silva, P. Mangala C.S.
Ekanayake, E.M.D.V.
Thakshila, W.A.K.G.
Gunarathna, S.D.
Gunasekara, T.D.K.S.C.
Jayasinghe, S.S.
Asanthi, H.B.
Chandana, E.P.S.
Chaminda, G.G.T.
Siribaddana, S.H.
Jayasundara, Nishad
author_sort Abdul, K.S.M.
collection PubMed
description Extensive use of herbicides is common among rural agricultural workers in Sri Lanka. Recent studies have postulated their role in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). Paraquat and glyphosate are leading herbicides used by sugarcane farmers (SF), hence occupational exposure is inevitable. This study examined the expression of urinary paraquat, glyphosate and biomarkers among residential SF in CKDu emerging regions, Warunagama (WA) and Rahathangama (RH), in the Uva Province with non-endemic Matara (MA) in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Urinary glyphosate, Paraquat, kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and β2-microglobulin (B2M) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Urinary creatinine, microalbumin, serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were also assessed. Generally, herbicide residues and kidney injury biomarkers were higher in SF compared to the non-endemic MA. Creatinine-adjusted urinary glyphosate and paraquat levels were significantly higher in WA compared to MA. ACR in RH (median 14.9; IQR 5.4–393.1 mg/g) and WA (23.7; 11.5–64.6) was significantly higher than MA (4.3; 2.2–6.7). This study reports 39 individuals with impaired kidney function among SF in Sri Lanka for the first time. Urinary NGAL levels were significantly higher in both WA (median 2.14; IQR 1.28–6.15 ng/mg Cr) and RH (3.09; 1.15–9.09) compared to MA (1.28; 0.56–2.81). However, urinary KIM-1 levels in RH (3.2; 1.29–106.1 ng/g Cr) and WA (3.6; 1.94–115.1) were not significantly higher in MA (1.74; 0.76–116.9). Urinary NGAL (r = 0.493), eGFR (r = −0.147) and ACR (r = 0.171) significantly correlated with urinary glyphosate, but not with urinary paraquat levels. Urinary KIM-1 levels did not correlate with either urinary glyphosate or paraquat, while urinary B2M and serum cystatin C levels showed significant correlation with urinary glyphosate levels. The current study reports higher urinary herbicide levels among sugarcane farmers in WA and RH, and that is potentially linked to the subsequent decline in kidney function, as indicated by ACR, eGFR, and NGAL. We posit that these indicators may serve as markers to detect renal injury among herbicide-exposed SF in Rural Sri Lanka.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8005187
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80051872021-03-29 Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka Abdul, K.S.M. De Silva, P. Mangala C.S. Ekanayake, E.M.D.V. Thakshila, W.A.K.G. Gunarathna, S.D. Gunasekara, T.D.K.S.C. Jayasinghe, S.S. Asanthi, H.B. Chandana, E.P.S. Chaminda, G.G.T. Siribaddana, S.H. Jayasundara, Nishad Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Extensive use of herbicides is common among rural agricultural workers in Sri Lanka. Recent studies have postulated their role in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). Paraquat and glyphosate are leading herbicides used by sugarcane farmers (SF), hence occupational exposure is inevitable. This study examined the expression of urinary paraquat, glyphosate and biomarkers among residential SF in CKDu emerging regions, Warunagama (WA) and Rahathangama (RH), in the Uva Province with non-endemic Matara (MA) in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Urinary glyphosate, Paraquat, kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and β2-microglobulin (B2M) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Urinary creatinine, microalbumin, serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were also assessed. Generally, herbicide residues and kidney injury biomarkers were higher in SF compared to the non-endemic MA. Creatinine-adjusted urinary glyphosate and paraquat levels were significantly higher in WA compared to MA. ACR in RH (median 14.9; IQR 5.4–393.1 mg/g) and WA (23.7; 11.5–64.6) was significantly higher than MA (4.3; 2.2–6.7). This study reports 39 individuals with impaired kidney function among SF in Sri Lanka for the first time. Urinary NGAL levels were significantly higher in both WA (median 2.14; IQR 1.28–6.15 ng/mg Cr) and RH (3.09; 1.15–9.09) compared to MA (1.28; 0.56–2.81). However, urinary KIM-1 levels in RH (3.2; 1.29–106.1 ng/g Cr) and WA (3.6; 1.94–115.1) were not significantly higher in MA (1.74; 0.76–116.9). Urinary NGAL (r = 0.493), eGFR (r = −0.147) and ACR (r = 0.171) significantly correlated with urinary glyphosate, but not with urinary paraquat levels. Urinary KIM-1 levels did not correlate with either urinary glyphosate or paraquat, while urinary B2M and serum cystatin C levels showed significant correlation with urinary glyphosate levels. The current study reports higher urinary herbicide levels among sugarcane farmers in WA and RH, and that is potentially linked to the subsequent decline in kidney function, as indicated by ACR, eGFR, and NGAL. We posit that these indicators may serve as markers to detect renal injury among herbicide-exposed SF in Rural Sri Lanka. MDPI 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8005187/ /pubmed/33810013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063278 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abdul, K.S.M.
De Silva, P. Mangala C.S.
Ekanayake, E.M.D.V.
Thakshila, W.A.K.G.
Gunarathna, S.D.
Gunasekara, T.D.K.S.C.
Jayasinghe, S.S.
Asanthi, H.B.
Chandana, E.P.S.
Chaminda, G.G.T.
Siribaddana, S.H.
Jayasundara, Nishad
Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title_full Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title_fullStr Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title_full_unstemmed Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title_short Occupational Paraquat and Glyphosate Exposure May Decline Renal Functions among Rural Farming Communities in Sri Lanka
title_sort occupational paraquat and glyphosate exposure may decline renal functions among rural farming communities in sri lanka
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8005187/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810013
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063278
work_keys_str_mv AT abdulksm occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT desilvapmangalacs occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT ekanayakeemdv occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT thakshilawakg occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT gunarathnasd occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT gunasekaratdksc occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT jayasinghess occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT asanthihb occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT chandanaeps occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT chamindaggt occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT siribaddanash occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka
AT jayasundaranishad occupationalparaquatandglyphosateexposuremaydeclinerenalfunctionsamongruralfarmingcommunitiesinsrilanka