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Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation

Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, etc.) are used in various industries and exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic effects on living organisms. These...

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Autores principales: Mohapatra, Balaram, Phale, Prashant S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8006333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33791281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.602445
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author Mohapatra, Balaram
Phale, Prashant S.
author_facet Mohapatra, Balaram
Phale, Prashant S.
author_sort Mohapatra, Balaram
collection PubMed
description Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, etc.) are used in various industries and exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic effects on living organisms. These synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) or xenobiotics are considered as priority pollutants that pose a critical environmental and public health concern worldwide. The extent of anthropogenic activities like emissions from coal gasification, petroleum refining, motor vehicle exhaust, and agricultural applications determine the concentration, fate, and transport of these ubiquitous and recalcitrant compounds. Besides physicochemical methods for cleanup/removal, a green and eco-friendly technology like bioremediation, using microbes with the ability to degrade SOCs completely or convert to non-toxic by-products, has been a safe, cost-effective, and promising alternative. Various bacterial species from soil flora belonging to Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Comamonas, Burkholderia, and Novosphingobium), Firmicutes (Bacillus and Paenibacillus), and Actinobacteria (Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter) displayed the ability to degrade various SOCs. Metabolic studies, genomic and metagenomics analyses have aided our understanding of the catabolic complexity and diversity present in these simple life forms which can be further applied for efficient biodegradation. The prolonged persistence of PAHs has led to the evolution of new degradative phenotypes through horizontal gene transfer using genetic elements like plasmids, transposons, phages, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements. Systems biology and genetic engineering of either specific isolates or mock community (consortia) might achieve complete, rapid, and efficient bioremediation of these PAHs through synergistic actions. In this review, we highlight various metabolic routes and diversity, genetic makeup and diversity, and cellular responses/adaptations by naphthalene and substituted naphthalene-degrading bacteria. This will provide insights into the ecological aspects of field application and strain optimization for efficient bioremediation.
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spelling pubmed-80063332021-03-30 Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation Mohapatra, Balaram Phale, Prashant S. Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, etc.) are used in various industries and exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic effects on living organisms. These synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) or xenobiotics are considered as priority pollutants that pose a critical environmental and public health concern worldwide. The extent of anthropogenic activities like emissions from coal gasification, petroleum refining, motor vehicle exhaust, and agricultural applications determine the concentration, fate, and transport of these ubiquitous and recalcitrant compounds. Besides physicochemical methods for cleanup/removal, a green and eco-friendly technology like bioremediation, using microbes with the ability to degrade SOCs completely or convert to non-toxic by-products, has been a safe, cost-effective, and promising alternative. Various bacterial species from soil flora belonging to Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Comamonas, Burkholderia, and Novosphingobium), Firmicutes (Bacillus and Paenibacillus), and Actinobacteria (Rhodococcus and Arthrobacter) displayed the ability to degrade various SOCs. Metabolic studies, genomic and metagenomics analyses have aided our understanding of the catabolic complexity and diversity present in these simple life forms which can be further applied for efficient biodegradation. The prolonged persistence of PAHs has led to the evolution of new degradative phenotypes through horizontal gene transfer using genetic elements like plasmids, transposons, phages, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements. Systems biology and genetic engineering of either specific isolates or mock community (consortia) might achieve complete, rapid, and efficient bioremediation of these PAHs through synergistic actions. In this review, we highlight various metabolic routes and diversity, genetic makeup and diversity, and cellular responses/adaptations by naphthalene and substituted naphthalene-degrading bacteria. This will provide insights into the ecological aspects of field application and strain optimization for efficient bioremediation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8006333/ /pubmed/33791281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.602445 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mohapatra and Phale. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Mohapatra, Balaram
Phale, Prashant S.
Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title_full Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title_fullStr Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title_full_unstemmed Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title_short Microbial Degradation of Naphthalene and Substituted Naphthalenes: Metabolic Diversity and Genomic Insight for Bioremediation
title_sort microbial degradation of naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes: metabolic diversity and genomic insight for bioremediation
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8006333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33791281
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.602445
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