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Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consump...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8007852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33796506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.641147 |
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author | Dragan, Ana-Maria Truta, Florina Maria Tertis, Mihaela Florea, Anca Schram, Jonas Cernat, Andreea Feier, Bogdan De Wael, Karolien Cristea, Cecilia Oprean, Radu |
author_facet | Dragan, Ana-Maria Truta, Florina Maria Tertis, Mihaela Florea, Anca Schram, Jonas Cernat, Andreea Feier, Bogdan De Wael, Karolien Cristea, Cecilia Oprean, Radu |
author_sort | Dragan, Ana-Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8007852 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80078522021-03-31 Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Dragan, Ana-Maria Truta, Florina Maria Tertis, Mihaela Florea, Anca Schram, Jonas Cernat, Andreea Feier, Bogdan De Wael, Karolien Cristea, Cecilia Oprean, Radu Front Chem Chemistry Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8007852/ /pubmed/33796506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.641147 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dragan, Truta, Tertis, Florea, Schram, Cernat, Feier, De Wael, Cristea and Oprean. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Dragan, Ana-Maria Truta, Florina Maria Tertis, Mihaela Florea, Anca Schram, Jonas Cernat, Andreea Feier, Bogdan De Wael, Karolien Cristea, Cecilia Oprean, Radu Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title | Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title_full | Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title_fullStr | Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title_short | Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
title_sort | electrochemical fingerprints of illicit drugs on graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8007852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33796506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.641147 |
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