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The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications

Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is...

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Autores principales: Dhanker, Raunak, Hussain, Touseef, Tyagi, Priyanka, Singh, Kawal Jeet, Kamble, Shashank S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8008120/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33796089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638003
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author Dhanker, Raunak
Hussain, Touseef
Tyagi, Priyanka
Singh, Kawal Jeet
Kamble, Shashank S.
author_facet Dhanker, Raunak
Hussain, Touseef
Tyagi, Priyanka
Singh, Kawal Jeet
Kamble, Shashank S.
author_sort Dhanker, Raunak
collection PubMed
description Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is the ability to grow in presence of toxic metals. The process seemed to be simple with the metal ions being sequestrated into the inclusion bodies or cell surfaces enabling the conversion into nontoxic nanostructures. However, the discovery of genome sequencing techniques highlighted the genetic makeup of these microbes as a quintessential aspect of these phenomena. The findings of metal resistance genes (MRG) in these microbes showed a rather complex regulation of these processes. Since most of these MRGs are plasmid encoded they can be transferred horizontally. With the discovery of nanoparticles and their many applications from polymer chemistry to drug delivery, the demand for innovative techniques of nanoparticle synthesis increased dramatically. It is now established that microbial synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over the existing chemical methods. However, it is the explicit use of biotechnology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering tools that revolutionized the world of microbial nanotechnology. Detailed study of the micro and even nanolevel assembly of microbial life also intrigued biologists and engineers to generate molecular motors that mimic bacterial flagellar motor. In this review, we highlight the importance and tremendous hidden potential of bio-engineering tools in exploiting the area of microbial nanoparticle synthesis. We also highlight the application oriented specific modulations that can be done in the stages involved in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Finally, the role of these nanoparticles in the natural ecosystem is also addressed.
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spelling pubmed-80081202021-03-31 The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications Dhanker, Raunak Hussain, Touseef Tyagi, Priyanka Singh, Kawal Jeet Kamble, Shashank S. Front Microbiol Microbiology Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is the ability to grow in presence of toxic metals. The process seemed to be simple with the metal ions being sequestrated into the inclusion bodies or cell surfaces enabling the conversion into nontoxic nanostructures. However, the discovery of genome sequencing techniques highlighted the genetic makeup of these microbes as a quintessential aspect of these phenomena. The findings of metal resistance genes (MRG) in these microbes showed a rather complex regulation of these processes. Since most of these MRGs are plasmid encoded they can be transferred horizontally. With the discovery of nanoparticles and their many applications from polymer chemistry to drug delivery, the demand for innovative techniques of nanoparticle synthesis increased dramatically. It is now established that microbial synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over the existing chemical methods. However, it is the explicit use of biotechnology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering tools that revolutionized the world of microbial nanotechnology. Detailed study of the micro and even nanolevel assembly of microbial life also intrigued biologists and engineers to generate molecular motors that mimic bacterial flagellar motor. In this review, we highlight the importance and tremendous hidden potential of bio-engineering tools in exploiting the area of microbial nanoparticle synthesis. We also highlight the application oriented specific modulations that can be done in the stages involved in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Finally, the role of these nanoparticles in the natural ecosystem is also addressed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8008120/ /pubmed/33796089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638003 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dhanker, Hussain, Tyagi, Singh and Kamble. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Dhanker, Raunak
Hussain, Touseef
Tyagi, Priyanka
Singh, Kawal Jeet
Kamble, Shashank S.
The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title_full The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title_fullStr The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title_full_unstemmed The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title_short The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications
title_sort emerging trend of bio-engineering approaches for microbial nanomaterial synthesis and its applications
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8008120/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33796089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.638003
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