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Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water
The occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived, but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here, we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1-mm-thick layer at the air–sea interface...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012113/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33625484 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab035 |
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author | Rahlff, Janina Stolle, Christian Giebel, Helge-Ansgar Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah Wurl, Oliver P. R. Herlemann, Daniel |
author_facet | Rahlff, Janina Stolle, Christian Giebel, Helge-Ansgar Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah Wurl, Oliver P. R. Herlemann, Daniel |
author_sort | Rahlff, Janina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived, but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here, we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1-mm-thick layer at the air–sea interface, and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed distinctive foam bacterial communities compared with SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Typical SML dwellers such as Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports the previous assumption that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air–sea exchange processes in the ocean. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8012113 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80121132021-04-07 Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water Rahlff, Janina Stolle, Christian Giebel, Helge-Ansgar Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah Wurl, Oliver P. R. Herlemann, Daniel FEMS Microbiol Ecol Research Article The occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived, but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here, we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1-mm-thick layer at the air–sea interface, and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed distinctive foam bacterial communities compared with SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Typical SML dwellers such as Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports the previous assumption that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air–sea exchange processes in the ocean. Oxford University Press 2021-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8012113/ /pubmed/33625484 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab035 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rahlff, Janina Stolle, Christian Giebel, Helge-Ansgar Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah Wurl, Oliver P. R. Herlemann, Daniel Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title | Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title_full | Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title_fullStr | Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title_full_unstemmed | Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title_short | Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
title_sort | sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012113/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33625484 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab035 |
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