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Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in the overall care of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before, during and after treatment. Historically, research has focused on exercise as a modulator of physical function, psychosocial well-being as well as...

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Autores principales: Schumacher, Oliver, Galvão, Daniel A., Taaffe, Dennis R., Chee, Raphael, Spry, Nigel, Newton, Robert U.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0245-z
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author Schumacher, Oliver
Galvão, Daniel A.
Taaffe, Dennis R.
Chee, Raphael
Spry, Nigel
Newton, Robert U.
author_facet Schumacher, Oliver
Galvão, Daniel A.
Taaffe, Dennis R.
Chee, Raphael
Spry, Nigel
Newton, Robert U.
author_sort Schumacher, Oliver
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in the overall care of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before, during and after treatment. Historically, research has focused on exercise as a modulator of physical function, psychosocial well-being as well as a countermeasure to cancer- and treatment-related adverse effects. However, recent studies reveal that exercise may also directly influence tumour physiology that could beneficially affect the response to radiotherapy. METHODS: In this narrative review, we provide an overview of tumour vascular characteristics that limit the effect of radiation and establish a rationale for exercise as adjunct therapy during PCa radiotherapy. Further, we summarise the existing literature on exercise as a modulator of tumour perfusion and hypoxia and outline potential future research directions. RESULTS: Preclinical research has shown that exercise can reduce intratumoral hypoxia—a major limiting factor in radiotherapy—by improving tumour perfusion and vascularisation. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that exercise training can improve radiotherapy treatment outcomes by increasing natural killer cell infiltration in a murine PCa model. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise is a potentially promising adjunct therapy for men with PCa undergoing radiotherapy that may increase its effectiveness. However, exercise-induced tumour radiosensitisation remains to be confirmed in preclinical and clinical trials, as does the optimal exercise prescription to elicit such effects.
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spelling pubmed-80122042021-04-16 Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer Schumacher, Oliver Galvão, Daniel A. Taaffe, Dennis R. Chee, Raphael Spry, Nigel Newton, Robert U. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis Review Article BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in the overall care of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before, during and after treatment. Historically, research has focused on exercise as a modulator of physical function, psychosocial well-being as well as a countermeasure to cancer- and treatment-related adverse effects. However, recent studies reveal that exercise may also directly influence tumour physiology that could beneficially affect the response to radiotherapy. METHODS: In this narrative review, we provide an overview of tumour vascular characteristics that limit the effect of radiation and establish a rationale for exercise as adjunct therapy during PCa radiotherapy. Further, we summarise the existing literature on exercise as a modulator of tumour perfusion and hypoxia and outline potential future research directions. RESULTS: Preclinical research has shown that exercise can reduce intratumoral hypoxia—a major limiting factor in radiotherapy—by improving tumour perfusion and vascularisation. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that exercise training can improve radiotherapy treatment outcomes by increasing natural killer cell infiltration in a murine PCa model. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise is a potentially promising adjunct therapy for men with PCa undergoing radiotherapy that may increase its effectiveness. However, exercise-induced tumour radiosensitisation remains to be confirmed in preclinical and clinical trials, as does the optimal exercise prescription to elicit such effects. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-07-06 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8012204/ /pubmed/32632128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0245-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review Article
Schumacher, Oliver
Galvão, Daniel A.
Taaffe, Dennis R.
Chee, Raphael
Spry, Nigel
Newton, Robert U.
Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title_full Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title_fullStr Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title_full_unstemmed Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title_short Exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
title_sort exercise modulation of tumour perfusion and hypoxia to improve radiotherapy response in prostate cancer
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0245-z
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