Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Clinicians must be mindful of angiographic appearances in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in the setting of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) for the timely management of these high-risk patients. The objective is to highlight the clinical diagnostic and treatment modalities in rare case presentations of patients presenting with concurrent SCAD and FMD presentation. A qualitative review of scholarly materials. Twenty-seven patients who presented with a combination of SCAD and FMD from January 1, 2009, to August 2019 were identified. Various demographics such as age, gender, FMD location, acute-phase treatment (i.e., percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. conservative), treatment outcomes, and then grouped into two tables. The mean age >46 years and standard deviation (SD) were used to calculate the normal distribution and percentile used to calculate others for treatment. SCAD and FMD cases were collected from three search engines ranging between 2009 and 2019. 22% of the patients had coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, 44.4% representing 12 patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), four patients 14.8% presented with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and nine patients 33.33% offered with unstable angina. Besides, 13 patients were diagnosed with optical coherence tomography (OCT), while intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) diagnosed six patients. SCAD is still very rare compared to other causes of myocardial infarction. Data has shown that up to 25% of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases of women between 40 and 65 years are SCAD.