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Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles

This study investigated the sex influence on the acute and delayed fatigue effects of a 20 km graded running race. Eighteen recreational runners, 10 women and 8 men, completed the race. The testing protocol included five sessions: a week before the race (PRE), 35 ± 15 min after (POST), 2 h, 2 and 4...

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Autores principales: Macchi, Robin, Vercruyssen, Fabrice, Hays, Arnaud, Aubert, Gaetan, Exubis, Gaetan, Chavet, Pascale, Goubert, Emmanuelle, Souron, Robin, Kunimasa, Yoko, Nicol, Caroline
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33815153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.649396
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author Macchi, Robin
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Hays, Arnaud
Aubert, Gaetan
Exubis, Gaetan
Chavet, Pascale
Goubert, Emmanuelle
Souron, Robin
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
author_facet Macchi, Robin
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Hays, Arnaud
Aubert, Gaetan
Exubis, Gaetan
Chavet, Pascale
Goubert, Emmanuelle
Souron, Robin
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
author_sort Macchi, Robin
collection PubMed
description This study investigated the sex influence on the acute and delayed fatigue effects of a 20 km graded running race. Eighteen recreational runners, 10 women and 8 men, completed the race. The testing protocol included five sessions: a week before the race (PRE), 35 ± 15 min after (POST), 2 h, 2 and 4 days (2D and 4D) later. Each session included uni- and bilateral maximal isometric voluntary contractions of the knee extensors (MVC), a squat jump (SJ), and a drop jump (DJ). Acute and delayed muscle soreness (DOMS) were evaluated for the quadriceps, hamstring and triceps surae muscle groups. The 2D and 4D sessions included also a horizontal force-velocity test (HF-V) performed under five resistive conditions. For each test, a set of key variables was computed to characterize the lower limb functional recovery. Mixed ANOVA analyses revealed significant (sex × time) interactions, with larger acute drops for men in MVCs and earlier recovery for women in the bilateral MVC (p < 0.001) and DJ (p < 0.05) tests. Only women reported DOMS for the hamstrings at 2D (p < 0.001) and showed small improvements in pure concentric SJ (p < 0.05) and HF-V (p < 0.01) tests at 4D. As expected, DOMS disappeared prior to the complete functional recovery. These results confirmed the combined influence of testing task and sex on the functional recovery pattern while supporting a lesser and faster recovery in women. The originality of this study lies in the complexity and sex-dependence of the functional recovery pattern revealed by a multiple factorial analysis which was used to identify the most discriminating tests and variables in the recovery pattern. The obtained clusters highlighted some recovery profiles associated with greater risks of injury when starting to run again. However, the lack of sex × time interaction for normalized values emphasizes the major influence of men’s initially higher functional values compared to women.
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spelling pubmed-80128432021-04-02 Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles Macchi, Robin Vercruyssen, Fabrice Hays, Arnaud Aubert, Gaetan Exubis, Gaetan Chavet, Pascale Goubert, Emmanuelle Souron, Robin Kunimasa, Yoko Nicol, Caroline Front Physiol Physiology This study investigated the sex influence on the acute and delayed fatigue effects of a 20 km graded running race. Eighteen recreational runners, 10 women and 8 men, completed the race. The testing protocol included five sessions: a week before the race (PRE), 35 ± 15 min after (POST), 2 h, 2 and 4 days (2D and 4D) later. Each session included uni- and bilateral maximal isometric voluntary contractions of the knee extensors (MVC), a squat jump (SJ), and a drop jump (DJ). Acute and delayed muscle soreness (DOMS) were evaluated for the quadriceps, hamstring and triceps surae muscle groups. The 2D and 4D sessions included also a horizontal force-velocity test (HF-V) performed under five resistive conditions. For each test, a set of key variables was computed to characterize the lower limb functional recovery. Mixed ANOVA analyses revealed significant (sex × time) interactions, with larger acute drops for men in MVCs and earlier recovery for women in the bilateral MVC (p < 0.001) and DJ (p < 0.05) tests. Only women reported DOMS for the hamstrings at 2D (p < 0.001) and showed small improvements in pure concentric SJ (p < 0.05) and HF-V (p < 0.01) tests at 4D. As expected, DOMS disappeared prior to the complete functional recovery. These results confirmed the combined influence of testing task and sex on the functional recovery pattern while supporting a lesser and faster recovery in women. The originality of this study lies in the complexity and sex-dependence of the functional recovery pattern revealed by a multiple factorial analysis which was used to identify the most discriminating tests and variables in the recovery pattern. The obtained clusters highlighted some recovery profiles associated with greater risks of injury when starting to run again. However, the lack of sex × time interaction for normalized values emphasizes the major influence of men’s initially higher functional values compared to women. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8012843/ /pubmed/33815153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.649396 Text en Copyright © 2021 Macchi, Vercruyssen, Hays, Aubert, Exubis, Chavet, Goubert, Souron, Kunimasa and Nicol. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Macchi, Robin
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Hays, Arnaud
Aubert, Gaetan
Exubis, Gaetan
Chavet, Pascale
Goubert, Emmanuelle
Souron, Robin
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title_full Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title_fullStr Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title_full_unstemmed Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title_short Sex Influence on the Functional Recovery Pattern After a Graded Running Race: Original Analysis to Identify the Recovery Profiles
title_sort sex influence on the functional recovery pattern after a graded running race: original analysis to identify the recovery profiles
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8012843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33815153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.649396
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