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Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander
An increasing number of studies have shown that warming also influences the animal gut microbiome (altering the community structure and decreasing its diversity), which might further impact host fitness. Here, based on an analysis of the stomach and gut (the entire intestine: from the anterior intes...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8017128/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33815302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.543767 |
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author | Zhu, Lifeng Zhu, Wei Zhao, Tian Chen, Hua Zhao, Chunlin Xu, Liangliang Chang, Qing Jiang, Jianping |
author_facet | Zhu, Lifeng Zhu, Wei Zhao, Tian Chen, Hua Zhao, Chunlin Xu, Liangliang Chang, Qing Jiang, Jianping |
author_sort | Zhu, Lifeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | An increasing number of studies have shown that warming also influences the animal gut microbiome (altering the community structure and decreasing its diversity), which might further impact host fitness. Here, based on an analysis of the stomach and gut (the entire intestine: from the anterior intestine to the cloaca) microbiome in laboratory larva of giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) under different living water temperatures (5, 15, and 25°C) at two sample time points (80 and 330 days after the acclimation), we investigated the potential effect of temperature on the gastrointestinal microbiome community. We found the significant Interaction between sampling time and temperature, or type (stomach and gut) on Shannon index in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the giant salamanders. We also found the significant difference in Shannon index among temperature groups within the same sample type (stomach or gut) at each sample time. 10% of variation in microbiome community could be explained by temperature alone in the total samples. Both the stomach and gut microbiomes displayed the highest similarity in the microbiome community (significantly lowest pairwise unweighted Unifrac distance) in the 25-degree group between the two sampling times compared to those in the 5-degree and 15-degree groups. Moreover, the salamanders in the 25°C treatment showed the highest food intake and body mess compared to that of other temperature treatments. A significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes in the gastrointestinal microbiome on day 330 with increasing temperatures might be caused by increased host metabolism and food consumption. Therefore, we speculate that the high environmental temperature might indirectly affect both alpha and beta diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8017128 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80171282021-04-03 Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander Zhu, Lifeng Zhu, Wei Zhao, Tian Chen, Hua Zhao, Chunlin Xu, Liangliang Chang, Qing Jiang, Jianping Front Microbiol Microbiology An increasing number of studies have shown that warming also influences the animal gut microbiome (altering the community structure and decreasing its diversity), which might further impact host fitness. Here, based on an analysis of the stomach and gut (the entire intestine: from the anterior intestine to the cloaca) microbiome in laboratory larva of giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) under different living water temperatures (5, 15, and 25°C) at two sample time points (80 and 330 days after the acclimation), we investigated the potential effect of temperature on the gastrointestinal microbiome community. We found the significant Interaction between sampling time and temperature, or type (stomach and gut) on Shannon index in the gastrointestinal microbiome of the giant salamanders. We also found the significant difference in Shannon index among temperature groups within the same sample type (stomach or gut) at each sample time. 10% of variation in microbiome community could be explained by temperature alone in the total samples. Both the stomach and gut microbiomes displayed the highest similarity in the microbiome community (significantly lowest pairwise unweighted Unifrac distance) in the 25-degree group between the two sampling times compared to those in the 5-degree and 15-degree groups. Moreover, the salamanders in the 25°C treatment showed the highest food intake and body mess compared to that of other temperature treatments. A significant increase in the abundance of Firmicutes in the gastrointestinal microbiome on day 330 with increasing temperatures might be caused by increased host metabolism and food consumption. Therefore, we speculate that the high environmental temperature might indirectly affect both alpha and beta diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8017128/ /pubmed/33815302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.543767 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Zhu, Zhao, Chen, Zhao, Xu, Chang and Jiang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Zhu, Lifeng Zhu, Wei Zhao, Tian Chen, Hua Zhao, Chunlin Xu, Liangliang Chang, Qing Jiang, Jianping Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title | Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title_full | Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title_fullStr | Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title_short | Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander |
title_sort | environmental temperatures affect the gastrointestinal microbes of the chinese giant salamander |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8017128/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33815302 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.543767 |
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