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Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem?
While sand has become a scarce essential resource for construction and land reclamation worldwide, its extraction causes severe ecological damage and high social costs. To derive policy solutions to this paramount global challenge with broad applicability, this model-based analysis exemplarily studi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8018655/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33798223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248882 |
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author | Hübler, Michael Pothen, Frank |
author_facet | Hübler, Michael Pothen, Frank |
author_sort | Hübler, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | While sand has become a scarce essential resource for construction and land reclamation worldwide, its extraction causes severe ecological damage and high social costs. To derive policy solutions to this paramount global challenge with broad applicability, this model-based analysis exemplarily studies sand trade from Southeast Asia to Singapore. Accordingly, a coordinated transboundary sand output tax reduces sand mining to a large extent, while the economic costs are small for the sand importer and slightly positive for the exporters. As a novel policy implementation approach, a “Sand Extraction Allowances Trading Scheme” is proposed, which helps sustainably balance the importer’s economic growth with the exporters’ economic development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8018655 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80186552021-04-13 Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? Hübler, Michael Pothen, Frank PLoS One Research Article While sand has become a scarce essential resource for construction and land reclamation worldwide, its extraction causes severe ecological damage and high social costs. To derive policy solutions to this paramount global challenge with broad applicability, this model-based analysis exemplarily studies sand trade from Southeast Asia to Singapore. Accordingly, a coordinated transboundary sand output tax reduces sand mining to a large extent, while the economic costs are small for the sand importer and slightly positive for the exporters. As a novel policy implementation approach, a “Sand Extraction Allowances Trading Scheme” is proposed, which helps sustainably balance the importer’s economic growth with the exporters’ economic development. Public Library of Science 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8018655/ /pubmed/33798223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248882 Text en © 2021 Hübler, Pothen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hübler, Michael Pothen, Frank Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title | Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title_full | Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title_fullStr | Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title_full_unstemmed | Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title_short | Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
title_sort | can smart policies solve the sand mining problem? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8018655/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33798223 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248882 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hublermichael cansmartpoliciessolvethesandminingproblem AT pothenfrank cansmartpoliciessolvethesandminingproblem |