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New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases
The review discusses a new approach to the prevention and treatment of viral infections based on the use of pine needles polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and associated with the infringement of prenylation process—the attachment of farnesol or geranyl geraniol to the viral protein. Currently, prenylation...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33811524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-021-00613-w |
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author | Pronin, Alexander V. Narovlyansky, Alexander N. Sanin, Alexander V. |
author_facet | Pronin, Alexander V. Narovlyansky, Alexander N. Sanin, Alexander V. |
author_sort | Pronin, Alexander V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The review discusses a new approach to the prevention and treatment of viral infections based on the use of pine needles polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and associated with the infringement of prenylation process—the attachment of farnesol or geranyl geraniol to the viral protein. Currently, prenylation has been detected in type 1 adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, several herpes viruses, influenza virus, HIV. However, this list is far from complete, given that prenylated proteins play an extremely important role in the activity of the virus. We assume that the interferon produced in response to PPP may suppress expression of the SREBP2 transcription factor. As a result, the mevalonic acid pathway is violated and, as a result, the formation of early polyprenols precursors (geraniol, geranyl geraniol, farnesol), which are necessary for the prenylation of viral proteins, is blocked and the formation of mature, virulent virus particles is broken. As a consequence, the maturation of viral particles is inhibited, and defective particles are formed. Polyprenol was extracted from greenery (pine, fir and spruce needles, mulberry leaves, etc.), purified by chromatography, phosphorylated and identified by HPLC and NMR. Obtained PPP was used as antiviral in some experimental models in vitro and in vivo. During numerous studies, it was found that PPP manifested versatile antiviral effects, both in vitro and in vivo. The maximum effect was observed with viruses in which the presence of prenylated proteins was established, namely influenza A virus, HIV-1, tick-borne encephalitis virus, hepatitis A and C viruses, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, some coronavirus. The available data obtained both in the experimental conditions and during clinical trials allow us to regard PPPs as safe and effective medicine for prevention and treatment of viral diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8019082 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80190822021-04-06 New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases Pronin, Alexander V. Narovlyansky, Alexander N. Sanin, Alexander V. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) Review The review discusses a new approach to the prevention and treatment of viral infections based on the use of pine needles polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and associated with the infringement of prenylation process—the attachment of farnesol or geranyl geraniol to the viral protein. Currently, prenylation has been detected in type 1 adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, several herpes viruses, influenza virus, HIV. However, this list is far from complete, given that prenylated proteins play an extremely important role in the activity of the virus. We assume that the interferon produced in response to PPP may suppress expression of the SREBP2 transcription factor. As a result, the mevalonic acid pathway is violated and, as a result, the formation of early polyprenols precursors (geraniol, geranyl geraniol, farnesol), which are necessary for the prenylation of viral proteins, is blocked and the formation of mature, virulent virus particles is broken. As a consequence, the maturation of viral particles is inhibited, and defective particles are formed. Polyprenol was extracted from greenery (pine, fir and spruce needles, mulberry leaves, etc.), purified by chromatography, phosphorylated and identified by HPLC and NMR. Obtained PPP was used as antiviral in some experimental models in vitro and in vivo. During numerous studies, it was found that PPP manifested versatile antiviral effects, both in vitro and in vivo. The maximum effect was observed with viruses in which the presence of prenylated proteins was established, namely influenza A virus, HIV-1, tick-borne encephalitis virus, hepatitis A and C viruses, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, some coronavirus. The available data obtained both in the experimental conditions and during clinical trials allow us to regard PPPs as safe and effective medicine for prevention and treatment of viral diseases. Springer International Publishing 2021-04-03 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8019082/ /pubmed/33811524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-021-00613-w Text en © L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Review Pronin, Alexander V. Narovlyansky, Alexander N. Sanin, Alexander V. New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title | New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title_full | New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title_fullStr | New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title_short | New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases |
title_sort | new approaches to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019082/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33811524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-021-00613-w |
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