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Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their path...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019700/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33829004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.643219 |
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author | Bizot, Etienne Bousquet, Anais Charpié, Maelle Coquelin, Florence Lefevre, Servane Le Lorier, Justin Patin, Margaux Sée, Perrine Sarfati, Eytan Walle, Servane Visseaux, Benoit Basmaci, Romain |
author_facet | Bizot, Etienne Bousquet, Anais Charpié, Maelle Coquelin, Florence Lefevre, Servane Le Lorier, Justin Patin, Margaux Sée, Perrine Sarfati, Eytan Walle, Servane Visseaux, Benoit Basmaci, Romain |
author_sort | Bizot, Etienne |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to provide a current comprehensive knowledge about this virus in the pediatric community. HRVs represent a main cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. HRV is the second virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and HRV bronchiolitis has a higher risk of recurrent wheezing episode or asthma. Some recent findings described HRVs in stools, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, thanks to new molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by detecting HRVs with high sensibility. However, the high rate of asymptomatic carriage and the prolonged excretion in postsymptomatic patients complicate interpretation. No sufficient data exist to avoid antibiotic therapy in pediatric high-risk population with HRV detection. Severe clinical presentations due to HRVs can be more frequent in specific population with chronic pathology or genetic particularity. Inflammatory response is mediated by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B pathway and production of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-gamma, interleukin 8 (IL8), and IL1b. No specific treatment or antiviral therapy exists, although research is still ongoing. Nowadays, in addition to benign diseases, HRVs are recognized to be involved in some severe clinical presentations. Recent advances in genetic knowledge or specific inflammatory response may lead to specific treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8019700 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80197002021-04-06 Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis Bizot, Etienne Bousquet, Anais Charpié, Maelle Coquelin, Florence Lefevre, Servane Le Lorier, Justin Patin, Margaux Sée, Perrine Sarfati, Eytan Walle, Servane Visseaux, Benoit Basmaci, Romain Front Pediatr Pediatrics Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to provide a current comprehensive knowledge about this virus in the pediatric community. HRVs represent a main cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. HRV is the second virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and HRV bronchiolitis has a higher risk of recurrent wheezing episode or asthma. Some recent findings described HRVs in stools, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, thanks to new molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by detecting HRVs with high sensibility. However, the high rate of asymptomatic carriage and the prolonged excretion in postsymptomatic patients complicate interpretation. No sufficient data exist to avoid antibiotic therapy in pediatric high-risk population with HRV detection. Severe clinical presentations due to HRVs can be more frequent in specific population with chronic pathology or genetic particularity. Inflammatory response is mediated by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B pathway and production of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-gamma, interleukin 8 (IL8), and IL1b. No specific treatment or antiviral therapy exists, although research is still ongoing. Nowadays, in addition to benign diseases, HRVs are recognized to be involved in some severe clinical presentations. Recent advances in genetic knowledge or specific inflammatory response may lead to specific treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8019700/ /pubmed/33829004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.643219 Text en Copyright © 2021 Bizot, Bousquet, Charpié, Coquelin, Lefevre, Le Lorier, Patin, Sée, Sarfati, Walle, Visseaux and Basmaci. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pediatrics Bizot, Etienne Bousquet, Anais Charpié, Maelle Coquelin, Florence Lefevre, Servane Le Lorier, Justin Patin, Margaux Sée, Perrine Sarfati, Eytan Walle, Servane Visseaux, Benoit Basmaci, Romain Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title | Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title_full | Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title_short | Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis |
title_sort | rhinovirus: a narrative review on its genetic characteristics, pediatric clinical presentations, and pathogenesis |
topic | Pediatrics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019700/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33829004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.643219 |
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