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Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly infects humans and is highly associated with different types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. EBV has also been detected in inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa of patients suffering from prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract such as inflammatory bowel di...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.586930 |
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author | Madi, Joelle R. Outa, Amani Al Ghannam, Mirna Hussein, Hadi M. Shehab, Marwa Hasan, Zeinab Al Kobra Haj Fayad, Antoine Abou Shirinian, Margret Rahal, Elias A. |
author_facet | Madi, Joelle R. Outa, Amani Al Ghannam, Mirna Hussein, Hadi M. Shehab, Marwa Hasan, Zeinab Al Kobra Haj Fayad, Antoine Abou Shirinian, Margret Rahal, Elias A. |
author_sort | Madi, Joelle R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly infects humans and is highly associated with different types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. EBV has also been detected in inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa of patients suffering from prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no clear role identified yet for EBV in the pathology of such diseases. Since we have previously reported immune-stimulating capabilities of EBV DNA in various models, in this study we investigated whether EBV DNA may play a role in exacerbating intestinal inflammation through innate immune and regeneration responses using the Drosophila melanogaster model. We have generated inflamed gastrointestinal tracts in adult fruit flies through the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a sulfated polysaccharide that causes human ulcerative colitis- like pathologies due to its toxicity to intestinal cells. Intestinal damage induced by inflammation recruited plasmatocytes to the ileum in fly hindguts. EBV DNA aggravated inflammation by enhancing the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway as well as further increasing the cellular inflammatory responses manifested upon the administration of DSS. The study at hand proposes a possible immunostimulatory role of the viral DNA exerted specifically in the fly hindgut hence further developing our understanding of immune responses mounted against EBV DNA in the latter intestinal segment of the D. melanogaster gut. These findings suggest that EBV DNA may perpetuate proinflammatory processes initiated in an inflamed digestive system. Our findings indicate that D. melanogaster can serve as a model to further understand EBV-associated gastroinflammatory pathologies. Further studies employing mammalian models may validate the immunogenicity of EBV DNA in an IBD context and its role in exacerbating the disease through inflammatory mediators. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8019809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80198092021-04-06 Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases Madi, Joelle R. Outa, Amani Al Ghannam, Mirna Hussein, Hadi M. Shehab, Marwa Hasan, Zeinab Al Kobra Haj Fayad, Antoine Abou Shirinian, Margret Rahal, Elias A. Front Immunol Immunology The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly infects humans and is highly associated with different types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. EBV has also been detected in inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa of patients suffering from prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no clear role identified yet for EBV in the pathology of such diseases. Since we have previously reported immune-stimulating capabilities of EBV DNA in various models, in this study we investigated whether EBV DNA may play a role in exacerbating intestinal inflammation through innate immune and regeneration responses using the Drosophila melanogaster model. We have generated inflamed gastrointestinal tracts in adult fruit flies through the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a sulfated polysaccharide that causes human ulcerative colitis- like pathologies due to its toxicity to intestinal cells. Intestinal damage induced by inflammation recruited plasmatocytes to the ileum in fly hindguts. EBV DNA aggravated inflammation by enhancing the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway as well as further increasing the cellular inflammatory responses manifested upon the administration of DSS. The study at hand proposes a possible immunostimulatory role of the viral DNA exerted specifically in the fly hindgut hence further developing our understanding of immune responses mounted against EBV DNA in the latter intestinal segment of the D. melanogaster gut. These findings suggest that EBV DNA may perpetuate proinflammatory processes initiated in an inflamed digestive system. Our findings indicate that D. melanogaster can serve as a model to further understand EBV-associated gastroinflammatory pathologies. Further studies employing mammalian models may validate the immunogenicity of EBV DNA in an IBD context and its role in exacerbating the disease through inflammatory mediators. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8019809/ /pubmed/33828545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.586930 Text en Copyright © 2021 Madi, Outa, Ghannam, Hussein, Shehab, Hasan, Fayad, Shirinian and Rahal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Madi, Joelle R. Outa, Amani Al Ghannam, Mirna Hussein, Hadi M. Shehab, Marwa Hasan, Zeinab Al Kobra Haj Fayad, Antoine Abou Shirinian, Margret Rahal, Elias A. Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title |
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title_full |
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title_fullStr |
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title_short |
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System to Assess the Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on Inflammatory Gut Diseases |
title_sort | drosophila melanogaster as a model system to assess the effect of epstein-barr virus dna on inflammatory gut diseases |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8019809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.586930 |
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