The Intersection of Disability and Pregnancy: Risks for Maternal Morbidity and Mortality

It is estimated that 1 in 4 women in the United States live with a disability, and using population-based estimates, 10–12% of women of childbearing age have a disability. There are limited data to suggest that women with disabilities experience higher rates of or risks for adverse outcomes related to pregnancy, delivery, and access to appropriate postpartum care. Research on specific disabling conditions demonstrates variable risk for syndromes that threaten the health of the mother, such as preeclampsia, infection, and coagulation disorders. Much of the literature suggests that normal, healthy pregnancy is possible but points to the need for tailored information for patients and providers about the intersection of their condition with pregnancy and specific care needs. Given the lack of systematic evidence in this area across conditions and functional impairments, more research is needed to clarify the interaction of specific disabilities with pregnancy and provide evidence-based information to the field to decrease the risks to mothers and their infants. This article will provide an overview of conditions that contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality as they relate to pregnancy in women with disabilities and provide resources to the field to further the investigation of this area.