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Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease
The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.655982 |
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author | Klein, John R. |
author_facet | Klein, John R. |
author_sort | Klein, John R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and on the other hand control and regulate growth, development, and metabolism. It is thus not surprising, therefore, that the immune system and the neuroendocrine system communicate extensively. This article will focus on bi-directional immune-endocrine interactions with particular emphasis on the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. New findings will be discussed demonstrating the direct process through which the immune system-derived thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) controls thyroid hormone synthesis and bone metamorphosis, particularly in the context of a novel splice variant of TSHβ made by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Also presented are the ways whereby the TSHβ splice variant may be a contributing factor in the development and/or perpetuation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), and how systemic infection may elicit immune-endocrine responses. The relationship between non-HPT hormones, in particular adipose hormones, and immunity is discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8020567 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80205672021-04-06 Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease Klein, John R. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and on the other hand control and regulate growth, development, and metabolism. It is thus not surprising, therefore, that the immune system and the neuroendocrine system communicate extensively. This article will focus on bi-directional immune-endocrine interactions with particular emphasis on the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. New findings will be discussed demonstrating the direct process through which the immune system-derived thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) controls thyroid hormone synthesis and bone metamorphosis, particularly in the context of a novel splice variant of TSHβ made by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Also presented are the ways whereby the TSHβ splice variant may be a contributing factor in the development and/or perpetuation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), and how systemic infection may elicit immune-endocrine responses. The relationship between non-HPT hormones, in particular adipose hormones, and immunity is discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8020567/ /pubmed/33828532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.655982 Text en Copyright © 2021 Klein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Klein, John R. Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title | Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title_full | Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title_fullStr | Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title_short | Dynamic Interactions Between the Immune System and the Neuroendocrine System in Health and Disease |
title_sort | dynamic interactions between the immune system and the neuroendocrine system in health and disease |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.655982 |
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