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The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tis...

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Autores principales: Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid, Mahzari, Moeber, Alkhalifa, Lujain, Hassan, Esra, Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed, Alotay, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33818147
http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.71
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author Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid
Mahzari, Moeber
Alkhalifa, Lujain
Hassan, Esra
Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed
Alotay, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz
author_facet Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid
Mahzari, Moeber
Alkhalifa, Lujain
Hassan, Esra
Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed
Alotay, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz
author_sort Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM. SAMPLE SIZE: 539 patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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spelling pubmed-80206502021-04-06 The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid Mahzari, Moeber Alkhalifa, Lujain Hassan, Esra Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed Alotay, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz Ann Saudi Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM. SAMPLE SIZE: 539 patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre 2021-04 2021-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8020650/ /pubmed/33818147 http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.71 Text en Copyright © 2021, Annals of Saudi Medicine, Saudi Arabia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND). The details of which can be accessed at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
spellingShingle Original Article
Aljulifi, Mohammed Zaid
Mahzari, Moeber
Alkhalifa, Lujain
Hassan, Esra
Alshahrani, Abdullah Mohammed
Alotay, Abdulwahed Abdulaziz
The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title_full The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title_short The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
title_sort prevalence of celiac disease in saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33818147
http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.71
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