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Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran
This study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of yogurt and butter samples collected from Tehran using MSPE/GC‐MS (magnetic solid‐phase extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2180 |
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author | Kiani, Amin Ahmadloo, Mahsa Moazzen, Mojtaba Shariatifar, Nabi Shahsavari, Saeed Arabameri, Majid Hasani, Mohammad Mahdi Azari, Ali Abdel‐Wahhab, Mosaad A. |
author_facet | Kiani, Amin Ahmadloo, Mahsa Moazzen, Mojtaba Shariatifar, Nabi Shahsavari, Saeed Arabameri, Majid Hasani, Mohammad Mahdi Azari, Ali Abdel‐Wahhab, Mosaad A. |
author_sort | Kiani, Amin |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of yogurt and butter samples collected from Tehran using MSPE/GC‐MS (magnetic solid‐phase extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 0.040 to 0.060 and 0.121 to 0.181 μg/kg, respectively; with recoveries ranged from 86.1% to 100.3%. The highest mean of total PAHs was higher in butter (6.87 ± 1.21 μg/kg) than in yogurt (3.82 ± 0.54 μg/kg). The level of benzo (a)pyrene in all samples was lower than of standard levels of the European Union (EU). The highest value of all PAHs in samples was recorded in the winter season and also in the expiration date. The percentile 95% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) due to the consumption of yogurt and butter recorded 1.33E‐02 and 3.69E‐04 in adults and 6.12E‐02 and 1.75E‐03 in children, respectively. The percentile of 95% incremental lifetime of cancer risk (ILCR) due to the ingestion of yogurt and butter recorded 1.17E‐06 and 2.02E‐08 for adults and 5.51E‐06 and 9.46E‐08 for children, respectively. The rank order of 7 PAHs in adult and children based on P95% Hazard Quotient (HQ) in all samples was benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) > pyrene (P) > fluorene (F) > fluoranthene (Fl) > acenaphthylene (Ace) > anthracene (A) > naphthalene (NA). According to the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, health‐risk assessment showed that children and adults are not at significant health risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8020939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80209392021-04-08 Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran Kiani, Amin Ahmadloo, Mahsa Moazzen, Mojtaba Shariatifar, Nabi Shahsavari, Saeed Arabameri, Majid Hasani, Mohammad Mahdi Azari, Ali Abdel‐Wahhab, Mosaad A. Food Sci Nutr Original Research This study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of yogurt and butter samples collected from Tehran using MSPE/GC‐MS (magnetic solid‐phase extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 0.040 to 0.060 and 0.121 to 0.181 μg/kg, respectively; with recoveries ranged from 86.1% to 100.3%. The highest mean of total PAHs was higher in butter (6.87 ± 1.21 μg/kg) than in yogurt (3.82 ± 0.54 μg/kg). The level of benzo (a)pyrene in all samples was lower than of standard levels of the European Union (EU). The highest value of all PAHs in samples was recorded in the winter season and also in the expiration date. The percentile 95% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) due to the consumption of yogurt and butter recorded 1.33E‐02 and 3.69E‐04 in adults and 6.12E‐02 and 1.75E‐03 in children, respectively. The percentile of 95% incremental lifetime of cancer risk (ILCR) due to the ingestion of yogurt and butter recorded 1.17E‐06 and 2.02E‐08 for adults and 5.51E‐06 and 9.46E‐08 for children, respectively. The rank order of 7 PAHs in adult and children based on P95% Hazard Quotient (HQ) in all samples was benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) > pyrene (P) > fluorene (F) > fluoranthene (Fl) > acenaphthylene (Ace) > anthracene (A) > naphthalene (NA). According to the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, health‐risk assessment showed that children and adults are not at significant health risk. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8020939/ /pubmed/33841828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2180 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Kiani, Amin Ahmadloo, Mahsa Moazzen, Mojtaba Shariatifar, Nabi Shahsavari, Saeed Arabameri, Majid Hasani, Mohammad Mahdi Azari, Ali Abdel‐Wahhab, Mosaad A. Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title | Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title_full | Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title_fullStr | Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title_short | Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran |
title_sort | monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in iran |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8020939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2180 |
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