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Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators

INTRODUCTION: During viral pandemics, filtering facepiece (FFP) masks together with eye protection form the essential components of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers. There remain concerns regarding insufficient global supply and imperfect protection offered by currently ava...

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Autores principales: Seligman, Henry, Zaman, Sameer, Pitcher, David S., Shun-Shin, Matthew J., Hepworth Lloyd, Freya, Androschuk, Vitaliy, Sen, Sayan, Al-Lamee, Rasha, Miller, David M., Barnett, Harry W., Haji, Gulam S., Howard, Luke S., Nijjer, Sukhjinder, Mayet, Jamil, Francis, Darrel P., Ces, Oscar, Linton, Nicholas W. F., Peters, Nicholas S., Petraco, Ricardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33819279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249201
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author Seligman, Henry
Zaman, Sameer
Pitcher, David S.
Shun-Shin, Matthew J.
Hepworth Lloyd, Freya
Androschuk, Vitaliy
Sen, Sayan
Al-Lamee, Rasha
Miller, David M.
Barnett, Harry W.
Haji, Gulam S.
Howard, Luke S.
Nijjer, Sukhjinder
Mayet, Jamil
Francis, Darrel P.
Ces, Oscar
Linton, Nicholas W. F.
Peters, Nicholas S.
Petraco, Ricardo
author_facet Seligman, Henry
Zaman, Sameer
Pitcher, David S.
Shun-Shin, Matthew J.
Hepworth Lloyd, Freya
Androschuk, Vitaliy
Sen, Sayan
Al-Lamee, Rasha
Miller, David M.
Barnett, Harry W.
Haji, Gulam S.
Howard, Luke S.
Nijjer, Sukhjinder
Mayet, Jamil
Francis, Darrel P.
Ces, Oscar
Linton, Nicholas W. F.
Peters, Nicholas S.
Petraco, Ricardo
author_sort Seligman, Henry
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: During viral pandemics, filtering facepiece (FFP) masks together with eye protection form the essential components of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers. There remain concerns regarding insufficient global supply and imperfect protection offered by currently available PPE strategies. A range of full-face snorkel masks were adapted to accept high grade medical respiratory filters using bespoke-designed 3D-printed connectors. We compared the protection offered by the snorkel to that of standard PPE using a placebo-controlled respirator filtering test as well as a fluorescent droplet deposition experiment. Out of the 56 subjects tested, 42 (75%) passed filtering testing with the snorkel mask compared to 31 (55%) with a FFP3 respirator mask (p = 0.003). Amongst the 43 subjects who were not excluded following a placebo control, 85% passed filtering testing with the snorkel versus to 68% with a FFP3 mask (p = 0.008). Following front and lateral spray of fluorescence liquid particles, the snorkel mask also provided superior protection against droplet deposition within the subject’s face, when compared to a standard PPE combination of FFP3 masks and eye protection (3.19x10(8) versus 6.81x10(8) fluorescence units, p<0.001). The 3D printable adaptors are available for free download online at https://www.ImperialHackspace.com/COVID-19-Snorkel-Respirator-Project/. CONCLUSION: Full-face snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators performed better than a standard PPE combination of FFP3 mask and eye protection against aerosol inhalation and droplet deposition. This adaptation is therefore a promising PPE solution for healthcare workers during highly contagious viral outbreaks.
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spelling pubmed-80211692021-04-14 Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators Seligman, Henry Zaman, Sameer Pitcher, David S. Shun-Shin, Matthew J. Hepworth Lloyd, Freya Androschuk, Vitaliy Sen, Sayan Al-Lamee, Rasha Miller, David M. Barnett, Harry W. Haji, Gulam S. Howard, Luke S. Nijjer, Sukhjinder Mayet, Jamil Francis, Darrel P. Ces, Oscar Linton, Nicholas W. F. Peters, Nicholas S. Petraco, Ricardo PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: During viral pandemics, filtering facepiece (FFP) masks together with eye protection form the essential components of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers. There remain concerns regarding insufficient global supply and imperfect protection offered by currently available PPE strategies. A range of full-face snorkel masks were adapted to accept high grade medical respiratory filters using bespoke-designed 3D-printed connectors. We compared the protection offered by the snorkel to that of standard PPE using a placebo-controlled respirator filtering test as well as a fluorescent droplet deposition experiment. Out of the 56 subjects tested, 42 (75%) passed filtering testing with the snorkel mask compared to 31 (55%) with a FFP3 respirator mask (p = 0.003). Amongst the 43 subjects who were not excluded following a placebo control, 85% passed filtering testing with the snorkel versus to 68% with a FFP3 mask (p = 0.008). Following front and lateral spray of fluorescence liquid particles, the snorkel mask also provided superior protection against droplet deposition within the subject’s face, when compared to a standard PPE combination of FFP3 masks and eye protection (3.19x10(8) versus 6.81x10(8) fluorescence units, p<0.001). The 3D printable adaptors are available for free download online at https://www.ImperialHackspace.com/COVID-19-Snorkel-Respirator-Project/. CONCLUSION: Full-face snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators performed better than a standard PPE combination of FFP3 mask and eye protection against aerosol inhalation and droplet deposition. This adaptation is therefore a promising PPE solution for healthcare workers during highly contagious viral outbreaks. Public Library of Science 2021-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8021169/ /pubmed/33819279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249201 Text en © 2021 Seligman et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Seligman, Henry
Zaman, Sameer
Pitcher, David S.
Shun-Shin, Matthew J.
Hepworth Lloyd, Freya
Androschuk, Vitaliy
Sen, Sayan
Al-Lamee, Rasha
Miller, David M.
Barnett, Harry W.
Haji, Gulam S.
Howard, Luke S.
Nijjer, Sukhjinder
Mayet, Jamil
Francis, Darrel P.
Ces, Oscar
Linton, Nicholas W. F.
Peters, Nicholas S.
Petraco, Ricardo
Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title_full Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title_fullStr Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title_full_unstemmed Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title_short Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
title_sort reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33819279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249201
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