Square pegs, round holes, and Indian cybersecurity laws

India, with one of the world’s largest software manpower infrastructures, is also one of the countries with the highest number of hacks, ransomware attacks, and other cybersecurity incidents. Significant ambiguity arises out of the lack of a comprehensive cybersecurity framework, with many sectoral regulations and penal codes interacting with one another in an often confusing manner. This article attempts to provide an overview of laws, regulations, and policies that contribute to the legal framework that underlies cybersecurity requirements in India, and identify issues that arise out of this scattered approach.