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The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science
There is growing concern that the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain social benefit is declining in effectiveness. This article explores the reasons for this decline and suggests a structure, the open science partnership, as one mechanism through which to slow down or rever...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier, North-Holland Pub. Co
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8024784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34083844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226 |
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author | Gold, E. Richard |
author_facet | Gold, E. Richard |
author_sort | Gold, E. Richard |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is growing concern that the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain social benefit is declining in effectiveness. This article explores the reasons for this decline and suggests a structure, the open science partnership, as one mechanism through which to slow down or reverse this decline. The article examines the empirical literature of the last century to document the decline. This literature suggests that the cost of research and innovation is increasing exponentially, that researcher productivity is declining, and, third, that these two phenomena have led to an overall flat or declining level of innovation productivity. The article then turns to three explanations for the decline – the growing complexity of science, a mismatch of incentives, and a balkanization of knowledge. Finally, the article explores the role that open science partnerships – public-private partnerships based on open access publications, open data and materials, and the avoidance of restrictive forms of intellectual property – can play in increasing the efficiency of the innovation system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8024784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier, North-Holland Pub. Co |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80247842021-06-01 The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science Gold, E. Richard Res Policy Article There is growing concern that the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain social benefit is declining in effectiveness. This article explores the reasons for this decline and suggests a structure, the open science partnership, as one mechanism through which to slow down or reverse this decline. The article examines the empirical literature of the last century to document the decline. This literature suggests that the cost of research and innovation is increasing exponentially, that researcher productivity is declining, and, third, that these two phenomena have led to an overall flat or declining level of innovation productivity. The article then turns to three explanations for the decline – the growing complexity of science, a mismatch of incentives, and a balkanization of knowledge. Finally, the article explores the role that open science partnerships – public-private partnerships based on open access publications, open data and materials, and the avoidance of restrictive forms of intellectual property – can play in increasing the efficiency of the innovation system. Elsevier, North-Holland Pub. Co 2021-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8024784/ /pubmed/34083844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226 Text en © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gold, E. Richard The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title | The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title_full | The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title_fullStr | The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title_full_unstemmed | The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title_short | The fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
title_sort | fall of the innovation empire and its possible rise through open science |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8024784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34083844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104226 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT golderichard thefalloftheinnovationempireanditspossiblerisethroughopenscience AT golderichard falloftheinnovationempireanditspossiblerisethroughopenscience |