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Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review

Thoracic malignancies represent a significant global health burden with incidence and mortality increasing year by year. Thoracic cancer prognosis and treatment options depend on several factors, including the type and size of the tumor, its location, and the overall health status of patients. Gende...

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Autores principales: Pinton, Giulia, Manzotti, Beatrice, Balzano, Cecilia, Moro, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AME Publishing Company 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8024832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841973
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-2277
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author Pinton, Giulia
Manzotti, Beatrice
Balzano, Cecilia
Moro, Laura
author_facet Pinton, Giulia
Manzotti, Beatrice
Balzano, Cecilia
Moro, Laura
author_sort Pinton, Giulia
collection PubMed
description Thoracic malignancies represent a significant global health burden with incidence and mortality increasing year by year. Thoracic cancer prognosis and treatment options depend on several factors, including the type and size of the tumor, its location, and the overall health status of patients. Gender represents an important prognostic variable in thoracic malignancies. One of the greatest biological differences between women and men is the presence of female sex hormones, and an increasing number of studies suggest that estrogens may play either a causative or a protective role in thoracic malignancies. Over the past 60 years since the discovery of the first nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) isoform α and the almost 20 years since the discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, different mechanisms governing estrogen action have been identified and characterized. This literature review reports the published data regarding the expression and function of ERs in different thoracic malignancies and discuss sex disparity in clinical outcomes. From this analysis emerges that further efforts are warranted to better elucidate the role of sex hormones in thoracic malignancies, and to reduce disparities in care between genders. Understanding the mechanisms by which gender-related differences can affect and interfere with the onset and evolution of thoracic malignancies and impact on response to therapies could help to improve the knowledge needed to develop increasingly personalized and targeted treatments.
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spelling pubmed-80248322021-04-08 Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review Pinton, Giulia Manzotti, Beatrice Balzano, Cecilia Moro, Laura J Thorac Dis Review Article Thoracic malignancies represent a significant global health burden with incidence and mortality increasing year by year. Thoracic cancer prognosis and treatment options depend on several factors, including the type and size of the tumor, its location, and the overall health status of patients. Gender represents an important prognostic variable in thoracic malignancies. One of the greatest biological differences between women and men is the presence of female sex hormones, and an increasing number of studies suggest that estrogens may play either a causative or a protective role in thoracic malignancies. Over the past 60 years since the discovery of the first nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) isoform α and the almost 20 years since the discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, different mechanisms governing estrogen action have been identified and characterized. This literature review reports the published data regarding the expression and function of ERs in different thoracic malignancies and discuss sex disparity in clinical outcomes. From this analysis emerges that further efforts are warranted to better elucidate the role of sex hormones in thoracic malignancies, and to reduce disparities in care between genders. Understanding the mechanisms by which gender-related differences can affect and interfere with the onset and evolution of thoracic malignancies and impact on response to therapies could help to improve the knowledge needed to develop increasingly personalized and targeted treatments. AME Publishing Company 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8024832/ /pubmed/33841973 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-2277 Text en 2021 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Pinton, Giulia
Manzotti, Beatrice
Balzano, Cecilia
Moro, Laura
Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title_full Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title_fullStr Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title_short Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
title_sort expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8024832/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841973
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-2277
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