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Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis

Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). T...

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Autores principales: Sendra, Victor G., Tau, Julia, Zapata, Gustavo, Lasagni Vitar, Romina M., Illian, Eduardo, Chiaradía, Pablo, Berra, Alejandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8025944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.618597
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author Sendra, Victor G.
Tau, Julia
Zapata, Gustavo
Lasagni Vitar, Romina M.
Illian, Eduardo
Chiaradía, Pablo
Berra, Alejandro
author_facet Sendra, Victor G.
Tau, Julia
Zapata, Gustavo
Lasagni Vitar, Romina M.
Illian, Eduardo
Chiaradía, Pablo
Berra, Alejandro
author_sort Sendra, Victor G.
collection PubMed
description Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The primary or recurring infection in the ocular site causes progressive corneal scarring that may result in visual impairment. The present study was designed to study the immunopathological changes of acute HSK under urban polluted air, using the acute HSK model combined with an experimental urban polluted air exposure from Buenos Aires City. We evaluated the corneal clinical outcomes, viral DNA and pro-inflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Then, we determined the innate and adaptive immune responses in both cornea and local lymph nodes after HSV-1 corneal by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results showed that mice exposed to polluted air develop a severe form of HSK with increased corneal opacity, neovascularization, HSV-1 DNA and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CCL2. A high number of corneal resident immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, was observed in mice exposed to polluted air; with a further significant influx of bone marrow-derived cells including GR1+ cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ cells (dendritic cells), and CD3+ (T cells) during acute corneal HSK. Moreover, mice exposed to polluted air showed a predominant Th1 type T cell response over Tregs in local lymph nodes during acute HSK with decreased corneal Tregs. These findings provide strong evidence that urban polluted air might trigger a local imbalance of innate and adaptive immune responses that exacerbate HSK severity. Taking this study into account, urban air pollution should be considered a key factor in developing ocular inflammatory diseases.
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spelling pubmed-80259442021-04-08 Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis Sendra, Victor G. Tau, Julia Zapata, Gustavo Lasagni Vitar, Romina M. Illian, Eduardo Chiaradía, Pablo Berra, Alejandro Front Immunol Immunology Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The primary or recurring infection in the ocular site causes progressive corneal scarring that may result in visual impairment. The present study was designed to study the immunopathological changes of acute HSK under urban polluted air, using the acute HSK model combined with an experimental urban polluted air exposure from Buenos Aires City. We evaluated the corneal clinical outcomes, viral DNA and pro-inflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Then, we determined the innate and adaptive immune responses in both cornea and local lymph nodes after HSV-1 corneal by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results showed that mice exposed to polluted air develop a severe form of HSK with increased corneal opacity, neovascularization, HSV-1 DNA and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CCL2. A high number of corneal resident immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, was observed in mice exposed to polluted air; with a further significant influx of bone marrow-derived cells including GR1+ cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ cells (dendritic cells), and CD3+ (T cells) during acute corneal HSK. Moreover, mice exposed to polluted air showed a predominant Th1 type T cell response over Tregs in local lymph nodes during acute HSK with decreased corneal Tregs. These findings provide strong evidence that urban polluted air might trigger a local imbalance of innate and adaptive immune responses that exacerbate HSK severity. Taking this study into account, urban air pollution should be considered a key factor in developing ocular inflammatory diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8025944/ /pubmed/33841400 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.618597 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sendra, Tau, Zapata, Lasagni Vitar, Illian, Chiaradía and Berra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Sendra, Victor G.
Tau, Julia
Zapata, Gustavo
Lasagni Vitar, Romina M.
Illian, Eduardo
Chiaradía, Pablo
Berra, Alejandro
Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title_full Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title_fullStr Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title_full_unstemmed Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title_short Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis
title_sort polluted air exposure compromises corneal immunity and exacerbates inflammation in acute herpes simplex keratitis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8025944/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33841400
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.618597
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