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Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids

Along with emergence of the organoids, their application in biomedical research has been currently one of the most fascinating themes. For the past few years, scientists have made significant contributions to deriving organoids representing the whole brain and specific brain regions. Coupled with so...

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Autores principales: Tanaka, Yoshiaki, Park, In-Hyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33651139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-021-02051-9
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author Tanaka, Yoshiaki
Park, In-Hyun
author_facet Tanaka, Yoshiaki
Park, In-Hyun
author_sort Tanaka, Yoshiaki
collection PubMed
description Along with emergence of the organoids, their application in biomedical research has been currently one of the most fascinating themes. For the past few years, scientists have made significant contributions to deriving organoids representing the whole brain and specific brain regions. Coupled with somatic cell reprogramming and CRISPR/Cas9 editing, the organoid technologies were applied for disease modeling and drug screening. The methods to develop organoids further improved for rapid and efficient generation of cerebral organoids. Additionally, refining the methods to develop the regionally specified brain organoids enabled the investigation of development and interaction of the specific brain regions. Recent studies started resolving the issue in the lack of non-neuroectodermal cells in brain organoids, including vascular endothelial cells and microglia, which play fundamental roles in neurodevelopment and are involved in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic neural disorders. In this review, we highlight recent advances of neuronal organoid technologies, focusing on the region-specific brain organoids and complementation with endothelial cells and microglia, and discuss their potential applications to neuronal diseases.
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spelling pubmed-80264332021-04-26 Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids Tanaka, Yoshiaki Park, In-Hyun J Mol Med (Berl) Review Along with emergence of the organoids, their application in biomedical research has been currently one of the most fascinating themes. For the past few years, scientists have made significant contributions to deriving organoids representing the whole brain and specific brain regions. Coupled with somatic cell reprogramming and CRISPR/Cas9 editing, the organoid technologies were applied for disease modeling and drug screening. The methods to develop organoids further improved for rapid and efficient generation of cerebral organoids. Additionally, refining the methods to develop the regionally specified brain organoids enabled the investigation of development and interaction of the specific brain regions. Recent studies started resolving the issue in the lack of non-neuroectodermal cells in brain organoids, including vascular endothelial cells and microglia, which play fundamental roles in neurodevelopment and are involved in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic neural disorders. In this review, we highlight recent advances of neuronal organoid technologies, focusing on the region-specific brain organoids and complementation with endothelial cells and microglia, and discuss their potential applications to neuronal diseases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-03-02 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8026433/ /pubmed/33651139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-021-02051-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Tanaka, Yoshiaki
Park, In-Hyun
Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title_full Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title_fullStr Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title_full_unstemmed Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title_short Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
title_sort regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33651139
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-021-02051-9
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