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Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds

Ground reaction force (GRF) is a key metric in biomechanical research, including parameters of loading rate (LR), first impact peak, second impact peak, and transient between first and second impact peaks in heel strike runners. The GRFs vary over time during stance. This study was aimed to investig...

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Autores principales: Yu, Lin, Mei, Qichang, Xiang, Liangliang, Liu, Wei, Mohamad, Nur Ikhwan, István, Bíró, Fernandez, Justin, Gu, Yaodong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.629809
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author Yu, Lin
Mei, Qichang
Xiang, Liangliang
Liu, Wei
Mohamad, Nur Ikhwan
István, Bíró
Fernandez, Justin
Gu, Yaodong
author_facet Yu, Lin
Mei, Qichang
Xiang, Liangliang
Liu, Wei
Mohamad, Nur Ikhwan
István, Bíró
Fernandez, Justin
Gu, Yaodong
author_sort Yu, Lin
collection PubMed
description Ground reaction force (GRF) is a key metric in biomechanical research, including parameters of loading rate (LR), first impact peak, second impact peak, and transient between first and second impact peaks in heel strike runners. The GRFs vary over time during stance. This study was aimed to investigate the variances of GRFs in rearfoot striking runners across incremental speeds. Thirty female and male runners joined the running tests on the instrumented treadmill with speeds of 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, and 3.7 m/s. The discrete parameters of vertical average loading rate in the current study are consistent with the literature findings. The principal component analysis was modeled to investigate the main variances (95%) in the GRFs over stance. The females varied in the magnitude of braking and propulsive forces (PC1, 84.93%), whereas the male runners varied in the timing of propulsion (PC1, 53.38%). The female runners dominantly varied in the transient between the first and second peaks of vertical GRF (PC1, 36.52%) and LR (PC2, 33.76%), whereas the males variated in the LR and second peak of vertical GRF (PC1, 78.69%). Knowledge reported in the current study suggested the difference of the magnitude and patterns of GRF between male and female runners across different speeds. These findings may have implications for the prevention of sex-specific running-related injuries and could be integrated with wearable signals for the in-field prediction and estimation of impact loadings and GRFs.
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spelling pubmed-80268982021-04-09 Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds Yu, Lin Mei, Qichang Xiang, Liangliang Liu, Wei Mohamad, Nur Ikhwan István, Bíró Fernandez, Justin Gu, Yaodong Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Ground reaction force (GRF) is a key metric in biomechanical research, including parameters of loading rate (LR), first impact peak, second impact peak, and transient between first and second impact peaks in heel strike runners. The GRFs vary over time during stance. This study was aimed to investigate the variances of GRFs in rearfoot striking runners across incremental speeds. Thirty female and male runners joined the running tests on the instrumented treadmill with speeds of 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, and 3.7 m/s. The discrete parameters of vertical average loading rate in the current study are consistent with the literature findings. The principal component analysis was modeled to investigate the main variances (95%) in the GRFs over stance. The females varied in the magnitude of braking and propulsive forces (PC1, 84.93%), whereas the male runners varied in the timing of propulsion (PC1, 53.38%). The female runners dominantly varied in the transient between the first and second peaks of vertical GRF (PC1, 36.52%) and LR (PC2, 33.76%), whereas the males variated in the LR and second peak of vertical GRF (PC1, 78.69%). Knowledge reported in the current study suggested the difference of the magnitude and patterns of GRF between male and female runners across different speeds. These findings may have implications for the prevention of sex-specific running-related injuries and could be integrated with wearable signals for the in-field prediction and estimation of impact loadings and GRFs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8026898/ /pubmed/33842444 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.629809 Text en Copyright © 2021 Yu, Mei, Xiang, Liu, Mohamad, István, Fernandez and Gu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Yu, Lin
Mei, Qichang
Xiang, Liangliang
Liu, Wei
Mohamad, Nur Ikhwan
István, Bíró
Fernandez, Justin
Gu, Yaodong
Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title_full Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title_fullStr Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title_full_unstemmed Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title_short Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds
title_sort principal component analysis of the running ground reaction forces with different speeds
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.629809
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