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Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs
Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Neoplasia Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101070 |
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author | Moghanloo, Ehsan Mollanoori, Hasan Talebi, Mohsen Pashangzadeh, Salar Faraji, Fatemeh Hadjilooei, Farimah Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah |
author_facet | Moghanloo, Ehsan Mollanoori, Hasan Talebi, Mohsen Pashangzadeh, Salar Faraji, Fatemeh Hadjilooei, Farimah Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah |
author_sort | Moghanloo, Ehsan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this approach, autologous T cells isolated from the patient's body genetically engineered to express a tumor specific synthetic receptor against a tumor antigen, then these cells expanded ex vivo and re-infusion back to the patient body. Recently, significant clinical response and high rates of complete remission of CAR T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies led to the approval of Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were by FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite promising therapeutic outcomes, CAR T cells also can elicit the immune-pathologic effects, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), and on-target off-tumor toxicity, that hampered its application. Ineffective control of these highly potent synthetic cells causes discussed potentially life-threatening toxicities, so researchers have developed several mechanisms to remote control CAR T cells. In this paper, we briefly review the introduced toxicities of CAR-T cells, then describe currently existing control approaches and review their procedure, pros, and cons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8027274 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Neoplasia Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80272742021-04-15 Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs Moghanloo, Ehsan Mollanoori, Hasan Talebi, Mohsen Pashangzadeh, Salar Faraji, Fatemeh Hadjilooei, Farimah Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah Transl Oncol Review Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this approach, autologous T cells isolated from the patient's body genetically engineered to express a tumor specific synthetic receptor against a tumor antigen, then these cells expanded ex vivo and re-infusion back to the patient body. Recently, significant clinical response and high rates of complete remission of CAR T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies led to the approval of Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were by FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite promising therapeutic outcomes, CAR T cells also can elicit the immune-pathologic effects, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), and on-target off-tumor toxicity, that hampered its application. Ineffective control of these highly potent synthetic cells causes discussed potentially life-threatening toxicities, so researchers have developed several mechanisms to remote control CAR T cells. In this paper, we briefly review the introduced toxicities of CAR-T cells, then describe currently existing control approaches and review their procedure, pros, and cons. Neoplasia Press 2021-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8027274/ /pubmed/33789222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101070 Text en © 2021 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Moghanloo, Ehsan Mollanoori, Hasan Talebi, Mohsen Pashangzadeh, Salar Faraji, Fatemeh Hadjilooei, Farimah Mahmoodzadeh, Habibollah Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title_full | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title_fullStr | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title_full_unstemmed | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title_short | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
title_sort | remote controlling of car-t cells and toxicity management: molecular switches and next generation cars |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8027274/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101070 |
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