Magnetoinductive waves in attenuating media

The capability of magnetic induction to transmit signals in attenuating environments has recently gained significant research interest. The wave aspect—magnetoinductive (MI) waves—has been proposed for numerous applications in RF-challenging environments, such as underground/underwater wireless networks, body area networks, and in-vivo medical diagnosis and treatment applications, to name but a few, where conventional electromagnetic waves have a number of limitations, most notably losses. To date, the effects of eddy currents inside the dissipative medium have not been characterised analytically. Here we propose a comprehensive circuit model of coupled resonators in a homogeneous dissipative medium, that takes into account all the electromagnetic effects of eddy currents, and, thereby, derive a general dispersion equation for the MI waves. We also report laboratory experiments to confirm our findings. Our work will serve as a fundamental model for design and analysis of every system employing MI waves or more generally, magnetically-coupled circuits in attenuating media.