Sonochemical activation-assisted biosynthesis of Au/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange

In this research, a sonochemical activation-assisted biosynthesis of Au/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles is proposed. The proposed synthesis methodology incorporates the use of Piper auritum (an endemic plant) as reducing agent and in a complementary way, an ultrasonication process to promote the synthesis of the plasmonic/magnetic nanoparticles (Au/Fe(3)O(4)). The synergic effect of the green and sonochemical synthesis favors the well-dispersion of precursor salts and the subsequent growth of the Au/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The hybrid green/sonochemical process generates an economical, ecological and simplified alternative to synthesizing Au/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles whit enhanced catalytic activity, pronounced magnetic properties. The morphological, chemical and structural characterization was carried out by high- resolution Scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy confirm the Au/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles obtention. The magnetic properties were evaluated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Superparamagnetic behavior, of the Au/ Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles was observed (M(s) = 51 emu/g and H(c) = 30 Oe at 300 K). Finally, the catalytic activity was evaluated by sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). In this stage, it was possible to achieve a removal percentage of 91.2% at 15 min of the sonocatalytic process (160 W/42 kHz). The initial concentration of the MO was 20 mg L(−1), and the Fe3O4-Au dosage was 0.075 gL(−1). The MO degradation process was described mathematically by four kinetic adsorption models: Pseudo-first order model, Pseudo-second order model, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion model.