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Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae
BACKGROUND: Long regarded as the second most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Haemophilus influenzae has recently been identified with almost equal frequency as pneumococcus in patients hospitalized for CAP. The literature lacks a detailed description of the presentation, clinical...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8028099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa622 |
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author | Shoar, Saeed Centeno, Fernando H Musher, Daniel M |
author_facet | Shoar, Saeed Centeno, Fernando H Musher, Daniel M |
author_sort | Shoar, Saeed |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Long regarded as the second most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Haemophilus influenzae has recently been identified with almost equal frequency as pneumococcus in patients hospitalized for CAP. The literature lacks a detailed description of the presentation, clinical features, laboratory and radiologic findings, and outcomes in Haemophilus pneumonia. METHODS: During 2 prospective studies of patients hospitalized for CAP, we identified 33 patients with Haemophilus pneumonia. In order to provide context, we compared clinical findings in these patients with findings in 36 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia identified during the same period. We included and analyzed separately data from patients with viral coinfection. Patients with coinfection by other bacteria were excluded. RESULTS: Haemophilus pneumonia occurred in older adults who had underlying chronic lung disease, cardiac conditions, and alcohol use disorder, the same population at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia. However, in contrast to pneumococcal pneumonia, patients with Haemophilus pneumonia had less severe infection as shown by absence of septic shock on admission, less confusion, fewer cases of leukopenia or extreme leukocytosis, and no deaths at 30 days. Viral coinfection greatly increased the severity of Haemophilus, but not pneumococcal pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first thorough description of Haemophilus pneumonia, show that it is less severe than pneumococcal pneumonia, and document that viral coinfection greatly increases its severity. These distinctions are lost when the label CAP is liberally applied to all patients who come to the hospital from the community for pneumonia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8028099 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80280992021-04-13 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Shoar, Saeed Centeno, Fernando H Musher, Daniel M Open Forum Infect Dis Major Articles BACKGROUND: Long regarded as the second most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Haemophilus influenzae has recently been identified with almost equal frequency as pneumococcus in patients hospitalized for CAP. The literature lacks a detailed description of the presentation, clinical features, laboratory and radiologic findings, and outcomes in Haemophilus pneumonia. METHODS: During 2 prospective studies of patients hospitalized for CAP, we identified 33 patients with Haemophilus pneumonia. In order to provide context, we compared clinical findings in these patients with findings in 36 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia identified during the same period. We included and analyzed separately data from patients with viral coinfection. Patients with coinfection by other bacteria were excluded. RESULTS: Haemophilus pneumonia occurred in older adults who had underlying chronic lung disease, cardiac conditions, and alcohol use disorder, the same population at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia. However, in contrast to pneumococcal pneumonia, patients with Haemophilus pneumonia had less severe infection as shown by absence of septic shock on admission, less confusion, fewer cases of leukopenia or extreme leukocytosis, and no deaths at 30 days. Viral coinfection greatly increased the severity of Haemophilus, but not pneumococcal pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first thorough description of Haemophilus pneumonia, show that it is less severe than pneumococcal pneumonia, and document that viral coinfection greatly increases its severity. These distinctions are lost when the label CAP is liberally applied to all patients who come to the hospital from the community for pneumonia. Oxford University Press 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8028099/ /pubmed/33855100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa622 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Major Articles Shoar, Saeed Centeno, Fernando H Musher, Daniel M Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title | Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title_full | Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title_fullStr | Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title_short | Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus influenzae |
title_sort | clinical features and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia caused by haemophilus influenzae |
topic | Major Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8028099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa622 |
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