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Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff

Novel biosorbents were derived from a waste product of palm kernel oil extraction known as palm kernel chaff (PKC). One portion of the PKC was carbonized in a furnace and then activated chemically, while the other half was activated without carbonization. Both were designated as CPKC and UPKC, respe...

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Autores principales: Nnaji, Chidozie Charles, Agim, Akambende Edward, Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya, Emenike, PraiseGod Chidozie, Ogarekpe, Nkpa Mba
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33833271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86932-6
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author Nnaji, Chidozie Charles
Agim, Akambende Edward
Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya
Emenike, PraiseGod Chidozie
Ogarekpe, Nkpa Mba
author_facet Nnaji, Chidozie Charles
Agim, Akambende Edward
Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya
Emenike, PraiseGod Chidozie
Ogarekpe, Nkpa Mba
author_sort Nnaji, Chidozie Charles
collection PubMed
description Novel biosorbents were derived from a waste product of palm kernel oil extraction known as palm kernel chaff (PKC). One portion of the PKC was carbonized in a furnace and then activated chemically, while the other half was activated without carbonization. Both were designated as CPKC and UPKC, respectively. The two biosorbents so produced were then used to conduct batch equilibrium and kinetic sorption studies at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C and pH 3.0 and 9.0 for an agitation period of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min. The Koble-Corrigan, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and the Freundlich isotherms fitted the experimental data very well with R(2) values of 0.97 to 1.0, 0.95 to 1.0, and 0.96 to 1.0, respectively. The linear type II Langmuir isotherm performed much better (0.96 ≤ R(2) ≤ 1.0) than the nonlinear isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity was obtained as 120.6 mg/g using CPKC at pH 9.0 and 35 °C. The Langmuir separation coefficient values (0.022 ≤ R(L) ≤ 0.926) show that the sorption of nickel to PKC is favorable. The most favorable sorption condition was found for CPKC at pH 9 and temperature of 40 °C. The values of sorption energy (8.21 ≤ E ≤ 14.27) and the isosteric heat of sorption (−133.09 ≤ ∆H(x) ≤ −17.92) indicate that the mode of sorption is mostly ion exchange. Thermodynamic parameters also show that the process is exothermic and entropy-driven. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model shows the best correlation compared to the other kinetic models. The coefficient of correlation for the pseudo-second-order model was mostly within the range of 0.999–1.000 for 90% of all kinetic studies carried out.
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spelling pubmed-80326592021-04-09 Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff Nnaji, Chidozie Charles Agim, Akambende Edward Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya Emenike, PraiseGod Chidozie Ogarekpe, Nkpa Mba Sci Rep Article Novel biosorbents were derived from a waste product of palm kernel oil extraction known as palm kernel chaff (PKC). One portion of the PKC was carbonized in a furnace and then activated chemically, while the other half was activated without carbonization. Both were designated as CPKC and UPKC, respectively. The two biosorbents so produced were then used to conduct batch equilibrium and kinetic sorption studies at 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C and pH 3.0 and 9.0 for an agitation period of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min. The Koble-Corrigan, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and the Freundlich isotherms fitted the experimental data very well with R(2) values of 0.97 to 1.0, 0.95 to 1.0, and 0.96 to 1.0, respectively. The linear type II Langmuir isotherm performed much better (0.96 ≤ R(2) ≤ 1.0) than the nonlinear isotherm. The maximum sorption capacity was obtained as 120.6 mg/g using CPKC at pH 9.0 and 35 °C. The Langmuir separation coefficient values (0.022 ≤ R(L) ≤ 0.926) show that the sorption of nickel to PKC is favorable. The most favorable sorption condition was found for CPKC at pH 9 and temperature of 40 °C. The values of sorption energy (8.21 ≤ E ≤ 14.27) and the isosteric heat of sorption (−133.09 ≤ ∆H(x) ≤ −17.92) indicate that the mode of sorption is mostly ion exchange. Thermodynamic parameters also show that the process is exothermic and entropy-driven. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model shows the best correlation compared to the other kinetic models. The coefficient of correlation for the pseudo-second-order model was mostly within the range of 0.999–1.000 for 90% of all kinetic studies carried out. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8032659/ /pubmed/33833271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86932-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Nnaji, Chidozie Charles
Agim, Akambende Edward
Mama, Cordelia Nnennaya
Emenike, PraiseGod Chidozie
Ogarekpe, Nkpa Mba
Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title_full Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title_fullStr Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title_full_unstemmed Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title_short Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
title_sort equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorption of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33833271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86932-6
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