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Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions

A field trial performed in-home conditions was conducted on 24 dogs naturally infected with Giardia, in order to compare the efficacy of fenbendazole and metronidazole. Animals were allocated in groups randomly in order to obtain two groups of 12 dogs each with similar parasitic loads of Giardia cys...

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Autores principales: Ciuca, Lavinia, Pepe, Paola, Bosco, Antonio, Caccio, Simone Mario, Maurelli, Maria Paola, Sannella, Anna Rosa, Vismarra, Alice, Cringoli, Giuseppe, Kramer, Laura, Rinaldi, Laura, Genchi, Marco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.626424
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author Ciuca, Lavinia
Pepe, Paola
Bosco, Antonio
Caccio, Simone Mario
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Sannella, Anna Rosa
Vismarra, Alice
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Kramer, Laura
Rinaldi, Laura
Genchi, Marco
author_facet Ciuca, Lavinia
Pepe, Paola
Bosco, Antonio
Caccio, Simone Mario
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Sannella, Anna Rosa
Vismarra, Alice
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Kramer, Laura
Rinaldi, Laura
Genchi, Marco
author_sort Ciuca, Lavinia
collection PubMed
description A field trial performed in-home conditions was conducted on 24 dogs naturally infected with Giardia, in order to compare the efficacy of fenbendazole and metronidazole. Animals were allocated in groups randomly in order to obtain two groups of 12 dogs each with similar parasitic loads of Giardia cysts: dogs in Group A were treated with fenbendazole (Panacur®, Intervet Italia Srl) administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 consecutive days, dogs in Group B were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl®, Zambon Italia Srl) administered orally at the dose of 50 mg/kg, once a day for 5 consecutive days. All the dogs that were shedding Giardia cysts after the first treatment (Day 0) were retreated (either at Day 7 or at Day 14 or at Day 21) until a negative result was obtained with the same treatment. Additionally, all the dogs were re-examined at Day 50. All the dogs were tested for the presence of Giardia cysts using a fecal flotation method (FLOTAC). The percent efficacy of the treatments (A and B) was calculated at each sampling point (Days 7, 14, 21, and 50) as reduction in mean Giardia cysts. After the first therapy, on day 7, 4/12 (33.3%) dogs tested positive for Giardia cysts in the Group A and 5/12 (41.7%) in the Group B. Efficacies at (Days 7, 14, 21, and 50) of the treatments against Giardia infection were 80.9, 94, 100, and 97% in the Group A and 70.8, 99, 100, and 97.1% in the Group B. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the efficacy of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole against infection by G. duodenalis (P = 0.686). Molecular analysis revealed full homology (i.e., 100% with JN416550) with the canine specific assemblage D in six positive dogs. Different hypotheses might explain the re-appearance of the Giardia cysts in some dogs after treatment, e.g., re-infection from the home environment, the correct medication given by the owners, the diet, as well as treatment failure, but also biological issues related to the intermittent excretion of Giardia cysts.
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spelling pubmed-80328932021-04-10 Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions Ciuca, Lavinia Pepe, Paola Bosco, Antonio Caccio, Simone Mario Maurelli, Maria Paola Sannella, Anna Rosa Vismarra, Alice Cringoli, Giuseppe Kramer, Laura Rinaldi, Laura Genchi, Marco Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science A field trial performed in-home conditions was conducted on 24 dogs naturally infected with Giardia, in order to compare the efficacy of fenbendazole and metronidazole. Animals were allocated in groups randomly in order to obtain two groups of 12 dogs each with similar parasitic loads of Giardia cysts: dogs in Group A were treated with fenbendazole (Panacur®, Intervet Italia Srl) administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg orally once a day for 5 consecutive days, dogs in Group B were treated with metronidazole (Flagyl®, Zambon Italia Srl) administered orally at the dose of 50 mg/kg, once a day for 5 consecutive days. All the dogs that were shedding Giardia cysts after the first treatment (Day 0) were retreated (either at Day 7 or at Day 14 or at Day 21) until a negative result was obtained with the same treatment. Additionally, all the dogs were re-examined at Day 50. All the dogs were tested for the presence of Giardia cysts using a fecal flotation method (FLOTAC). The percent efficacy of the treatments (A and B) was calculated at each sampling point (Days 7, 14, 21, and 50) as reduction in mean Giardia cysts. After the first therapy, on day 7, 4/12 (33.3%) dogs tested positive for Giardia cysts in the Group A and 5/12 (41.7%) in the Group B. Efficacies at (Days 7, 14, 21, and 50) of the treatments against Giardia infection were 80.9, 94, 100, and 97% in the Group A and 70.8, 99, 100, and 97.1% in the Group B. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the efficacy of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole against infection by G. duodenalis (P = 0.686). Molecular analysis revealed full homology (i.e., 100% with JN416550) with the canine specific assemblage D in six positive dogs. Different hypotheses might explain the re-appearance of the Giardia cysts in some dogs after treatment, e.g., re-infection from the home environment, the correct medication given by the owners, the diet, as well as treatment failure, but also biological issues related to the intermittent excretion of Giardia cysts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8032893/ /pubmed/33842570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.626424 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ciuca, Pepe, Bosco, Caccio, Maurelli, Sannella, Vismarra, Cringoli, Kramer, Rinaldi and Genchi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Ciuca, Lavinia
Pepe, Paola
Bosco, Antonio
Caccio, Simone Mario
Maurelli, Maria Paola
Sannella, Anna Rosa
Vismarra, Alice
Cringoli, Giuseppe
Kramer, Laura
Rinaldi, Laura
Genchi, Marco
Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title_full Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title_short Effectiveness of Fenbendazole and Metronidazole Against Giardia Infection in Dogs Monitored for 50-Days in Home-Conditions
title_sort effectiveness of fenbendazole and metronidazole against giardia infection in dogs monitored for 50-days in home-conditions
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8032893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.626424
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