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Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in nodules with thy 3 cytology: the role of preoperative ultrasonography and strain elastography

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, the gold standard in assessing thyroid nodules, is limited by its inability to determine the true risk of malignancy in Thy 3 nodules. Most patients with Thy3 cytology undergo surgery to establish a histologic diagnosis. The aims of this study were...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pikis, Giorgos, Kandaraki, Eleni, Lamnisos, Demetris, Abbara, Sereen, Kyriakou, Katerina, Economides, Aliki, Economides, Panayiotis A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8033666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33836771
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13044-021-00098-x
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, the gold standard in assessing thyroid nodules, is limited by its inability to determine the true risk of malignancy in Thy 3 nodules. Most patients with Thy3 cytology undergo surgery to establish a histologic diagnosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of malignancy in Thy3 nodules, to examine the ultrasound (US) characteristics that are associated with a high cancer risk and to assess the role of real-time strain elastography. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 99 nodules with Thy3 cytology in 99 patients who underwent thyroidectomy over a three-year period. Grayscale US, Doppler and real-time strain elastography data were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-one nodules (81.82%) were benign, 18 (18.18%) were malignant, and almost all were papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Univariable analysis revealed irregular margins (p = 0.02), ill-defined borders (p ≤ 0.001), a taller than wide shape (p ≤ 0.001) and the elasticity score (p = 0.02) as significant predictors of malignancy. Multivariable analysis showed that ill-defined borders and the elasticity score were significant and independent factors associated with malignancy. All soft nodules (elasticity scores 1–2) were benign (sensitivity 100%, specificity 33%, NPV 100%, and PPV 23%). There was a higher rate of malignancy in Thy3a nodules than in Thy3f nodules (42.86% versus 11.54%) (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Irregular margins, ill-defined borders, a taller than wide shape and low elasticity were associated with malignancy. Elastography should be performed when evaluating Thy3 nodules.