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Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2

During plant infection, fungi secrete effector proteins in coordination with distinct infection stages. Thus, the success of plant infection is determined by precise control of effector gene expression. We analysed the PWL2 effector gene of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to understand how...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Jie, Jeong, Jun Seop, Khang, Chang Hyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8035637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33694285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13038
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author Zhu, Jie
Jeong, Jun Seop
Khang, Chang Hyun
author_facet Zhu, Jie
Jeong, Jun Seop
Khang, Chang Hyun
author_sort Zhu, Jie
collection PubMed
description During plant infection, fungi secrete effector proteins in coordination with distinct infection stages. Thus, the success of plant infection is determined by precise control of effector gene expression. We analysed the PWL2 effector gene of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to understand how effector genes are activated specifically during the early biotrophic stages of rice infection. Here, we used confocal live‐cell imaging of M. oryzae transformants with various PWL2 promoter fragments fused to sensitive green fluorescent protein reporter genes to determine the expression patterns of PWL2 at the cellular level, together with quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses at the tissue level. We found PWL2 expression was coupled with sequential biotrophic invasion of rice cells. PWL2 expression was induced in the appressorium upon penetration into a living rice cell but greatly declined in the highly branched hyphae when the first‐invaded rice cell was dead. PWL2 expression then increased again as the hyphae penetrate into living adjacent cells. The expression of PWL2 required fungal penetration into living plant cells of either host rice or nonhost onion. Deletion and mutagenesis experiments further revealed that the tandem repeats in the PWL2 promoter contain 12‐base pair sequences required for expression. We conclude that PWL2 expression is (a) activated by an unknown signal commonly present in living plant cells, (b) specific to biotrophic stages of fungal infection, and (c) requires 12‐base pair cis‐regulatory sequences in the promoter.
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spelling pubmed-80356372021-04-15 Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2 Zhu, Jie Jeong, Jun Seop Khang, Chang Hyun Mol Plant Pathol Original Articles During plant infection, fungi secrete effector proteins in coordination with distinct infection stages. Thus, the success of plant infection is determined by precise control of effector gene expression. We analysed the PWL2 effector gene of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae to understand how effector genes are activated specifically during the early biotrophic stages of rice infection. Here, we used confocal live‐cell imaging of M. oryzae transformants with various PWL2 promoter fragments fused to sensitive green fluorescent protein reporter genes to determine the expression patterns of PWL2 at the cellular level, together with quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses at the tissue level. We found PWL2 expression was coupled with sequential biotrophic invasion of rice cells. PWL2 expression was induced in the appressorium upon penetration into a living rice cell but greatly declined in the highly branched hyphae when the first‐invaded rice cell was dead. PWL2 expression then increased again as the hyphae penetrate into living adjacent cells. The expression of PWL2 required fungal penetration into living plant cells of either host rice or nonhost onion. Deletion and mutagenesis experiments further revealed that the tandem repeats in the PWL2 promoter contain 12‐base pair sequences required for expression. We conclude that PWL2 expression is (a) activated by an unknown signal commonly present in living plant cells, (b) specific to biotrophic stages of fungal infection, and (c) requires 12‐base pair cis‐regulatory sequences in the promoter. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8035637/ /pubmed/33694285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13038 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Zhu, Jie
Jeong, Jun Seop
Khang, Chang Hyun
Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title_full Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title_fullStr Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title_full_unstemmed Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title_short Tandem DNA repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of Magnaporthe effector gene PWL2
title_sort tandem dna repeats contain cis‐regulatory sequences that activate biotrophy‐specific expression of magnaporthe effector gene pwl2
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8035637/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33694285
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13038
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