Periostin Is Required for the Maintenance of Muscle Fibers during Muscle Regeneration

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a well-organized process that requires remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we revealed the protective role of periostin, a matricellular protein that binds to several ECM proteins during muscle regeneration. In intact muscle, periostin was localized at the neuromuscular junction, muscle spindle, and myotendinous junction, which are connection sites between muscle fibers and nerves or tendons. During muscle regeneration, periostin exhibited robustly increased expression and localization at the interstitial space. Periostin-null mice showed decreased muscle weight due to the loss of muscle fibers during repeated muscle regeneration. Cultured muscle progenitor cells from periostin-null mice showed no deficiencies in their proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin, suggesting that the loss of muscle fibers in periostin-null mice was not due to the impaired function of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Periostin-null mice displayed a decreased number of CD31-positive blood vessels during muscle regeneration, suggesting that the decreased nutritional supply from blood vessels was the cause of muscle fiber loss in periostin-null mice. These results highlight the novel role of periostin in maintaining muscle mass during muscle regeneration.