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Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar se...

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Autores principales: Alahnomi, Rammah Ali, Zakaria, Zahriladha, Yussof, Zulkalnain Mohd, Althuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi, Alhegazi, Ammar, Alsariera, Hussein, Rahman, Norhanani Abd
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072267
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author Alahnomi, Rammah Ali
Zakaria, Zahriladha
Yussof, Zulkalnain Mohd
Althuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi
Alhegazi, Ammar
Alsariera, Hussein
Rahman, Norhanani Abd
author_facet Alahnomi, Rammah Ali
Zakaria, Zahriladha
Yussof, Zulkalnain Mohd
Althuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi
Alhegazi, Ammar
Alsariera, Hussein
Rahman, Norhanani Abd
author_sort Alahnomi, Rammah Ali
collection PubMed
description Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors’ normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.
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spelling pubmed-80364082021-04-12 Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions Alahnomi, Rammah Ali Zakaria, Zahriladha Yussof, Zulkalnain Mohd Althuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi Alhegazi, Ammar Alsariera, Hussein Rahman, Norhanani Abd Sensors (Basel) Review Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors’ normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8036408/ /pubmed/33804904 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072267 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Alahnomi, Rammah Ali
Zakaria, Zahriladha
Yussof, Zulkalnain Mohd
Althuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi
Alhegazi, Ammar
Alsariera, Hussein
Rahman, Norhanani Abd
Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title_full Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title_fullStr Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title_full_unstemmed Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title_short Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
title_sort review of recent microwave planar resonator-based sensors: techniques of complex permittivity extraction, applications, open challenges and future research directions
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33804904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072267
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