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Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a...

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Autores principales: Graczyk, Filip, Strzemski, Maciej, Balcerek, Maciej, Kozłowska, Weronika, Mazurek, Barbara, Karakuła, Michał, Sowa, Ireneusz, Ptaszyńska, Aneta A., Załuski, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807364
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071969
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author Graczyk, Filip
Strzemski, Maciej
Balcerek, Maciej
Kozłowska, Weronika
Mazurek, Barbara
Karakuła, Michał
Sowa, Ireneusz
Ptaszyńska, Aneta A.
Załuski, Daniel
author_facet Graczyk, Filip
Strzemski, Maciej
Balcerek, Maciej
Kozłowska, Weronika
Mazurek, Barbara
Karakuła, Michał
Sowa, Ireneusz
Ptaszyńska, Aneta A.
Załuski, Daniel
author_sort Graczyk, Filip
collection PubMed
description Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a new source of this important plant in Europe is needed. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The content of polyphenols (eleutherosides B, E, E1) and phenolic acids in the different parts of the fruits, as well as tocopherols, fatty acids in the oil, and volatile constituents were studied by the means of chromatographic techniques [HPLC with Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–MS)]. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available on the content of eleutherosides and phenolic acids in the pericarp and seeds. The highest sum of eleutheroside B and E was detected in the whole fruits (1.4 mg/g), next in the pericarp (1.23 mg/g) and the seeds (0.85 mg/g). Amongst chlorogenic acid derivatives (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), 3-CQA was predominant in the whole fruits (1.08 mg/g), next in the pericarp (0.66 mg/g), and the seeds (0.076 mg/g). The oil was rich in linoleic acid (C18:3 (n-3), 18.24%), ursolic acid (35.72 mg/g), and α-tocopherol (8.36 mg/g). The presence of druses and yellow oil droplets in the inner zone of the mesocarp and chromoplasts in the outer zone can be used as anatomical markers. These studies provide a phytochemical proof for accumulation of polyphenols mainly in the pericarp, and these structures may be taken into consideration as their source subjected to extraction to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts.
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spelling pubmed-80367122021-04-12 Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits Graczyk, Filip Strzemski, Maciej Balcerek, Maciej Kozłowska, Weronika Mazurek, Barbara Karakuła, Michał Sowa, Ireneusz Ptaszyńska, Aneta A. Załuski, Daniel Molecules Article Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a new source of this important plant in Europe is needed. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The content of polyphenols (eleutherosides B, E, E1) and phenolic acids in the different parts of the fruits, as well as tocopherols, fatty acids in the oil, and volatile constituents were studied by the means of chromatographic techniques [HPLC with Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–MS)]. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available on the content of eleutherosides and phenolic acids in the pericarp and seeds. The highest sum of eleutheroside B and E was detected in the whole fruits (1.4 mg/g), next in the pericarp (1.23 mg/g) and the seeds (0.85 mg/g). Amongst chlorogenic acid derivatives (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), 3-CQA was predominant in the whole fruits (1.08 mg/g), next in the pericarp (0.66 mg/g), and the seeds (0.076 mg/g). The oil was rich in linoleic acid (C18:3 (n-3), 18.24%), ursolic acid (35.72 mg/g), and α-tocopherol (8.36 mg/g). The presence of druses and yellow oil droplets in the inner zone of the mesocarp and chromoplasts in the outer zone can be used as anatomical markers. These studies provide a phytochemical proof for accumulation of polyphenols mainly in the pericarp, and these structures may be taken into consideration as their source subjected to extraction to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts. MDPI 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8036712/ /pubmed/33807364 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071969 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Graczyk, Filip
Strzemski, Maciej
Balcerek, Maciej
Kozłowska, Weronika
Mazurek, Barbara
Karakuła, Michał
Sowa, Ireneusz
Ptaszyńska, Aneta A.
Załuski, Daniel
Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title_full Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title_fullStr Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title_short Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC–PDA and HS–SPME/GC–MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits
title_sort pharmacognostic evaluation and hplc–pda and hs–spme/gc–ms metabolomic profiling of eleutherococcus senticosus fruits
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036712/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807364
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071969
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