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Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers

SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new era has emerged in oncology in the last ten years with the development of immune therapies. However, single-agent immune therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to have a limited clinical activity in biliary tract cancers and are still largely investigational, except...

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Autores principales: Boilève, Alice, Hilmi, Marc, Smolenschi, Cristina, Ducreux, Michel, Hollebecque, Antoine, Malka, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805461
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071569
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author Boilève, Alice
Hilmi, Marc
Smolenschi, Cristina
Ducreux, Michel
Hollebecque, Antoine
Malka, David
author_facet Boilève, Alice
Hilmi, Marc
Smolenschi, Cristina
Ducreux, Michel
Hollebecque, Antoine
Malka, David
author_sort Boilève, Alice
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new era has emerged in oncology in the last ten years with the development of immune therapies. However, single-agent immune therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to have a limited clinical activity in biliary tract cancers and are still largely investigational, except for the few patients with microsatellite-instable tumors. Here, we review: (i) the molecular and immune landscape of biliary tract cancers, (ii) the existing results of immune therapies in biliary tract cancers, and (iii) the future of immune therapies in biliary tract cancers, with the identification of predictive biomarkers for response to these therapies, and the ongoing therapeutic trials. ABSTRACT: Biliary tract cancers are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. Two-thirds of these primary liver malignancies are diagnosed at advanced stages where therapeutic options are limited. Whereas several molecular targeted therapies emerge in biliary tract cancers, immunotherapy is still investigational, the only approved immunotherapy to date being the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab for the small fraction of patients with microsatellite-instable tumors. In microsatellite-stable, pre-treated biliary tract cancers, single-agent immune checkpoint blockade has a limited albeit often long-lasting clinical activity in a still ill-defined subgroup of patients. The identification of predictive biomarkers will allow a better selection of patients that may benefit from immunotherapy. Combinations of immunotherapies with each other, with chemotherapy or targeted molecular therapies are being investigated in early lines of therapy, including first-line.
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spelling pubmed-80367472021-04-12 Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers Boilève, Alice Hilmi, Marc Smolenschi, Cristina Ducreux, Michel Hollebecque, Antoine Malka, David Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new era has emerged in oncology in the last ten years with the development of immune therapies. However, single-agent immune therapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to have a limited clinical activity in biliary tract cancers and are still largely investigational, except for the few patients with microsatellite-instable tumors. Here, we review: (i) the molecular and immune landscape of biliary tract cancers, (ii) the existing results of immune therapies in biliary tract cancers, and (iii) the future of immune therapies in biliary tract cancers, with the identification of predictive biomarkers for response to these therapies, and the ongoing therapeutic trials. ABSTRACT: Biliary tract cancers are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. Two-thirds of these primary liver malignancies are diagnosed at advanced stages where therapeutic options are limited. Whereas several molecular targeted therapies emerge in biliary tract cancers, immunotherapy is still investigational, the only approved immunotherapy to date being the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab for the small fraction of patients with microsatellite-instable tumors. In microsatellite-stable, pre-treated biliary tract cancers, single-agent immune checkpoint blockade has a limited albeit often long-lasting clinical activity in a still ill-defined subgroup of patients. The identification of predictive biomarkers will allow a better selection of patients that may benefit from immunotherapy. Combinations of immunotherapies with each other, with chemotherapy or targeted molecular therapies are being investigated in early lines of therapy, including first-line. MDPI 2021-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8036747/ /pubmed/33805461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071569 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Boilève, Alice
Hilmi, Marc
Smolenschi, Cristina
Ducreux, Michel
Hollebecque, Antoine
Malka, David
Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title_full Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title_fullStr Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title_short Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
title_sort immunotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805461
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071569
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