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Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa

Mountain plants, challenged by vegetation time contractions and dynamic changes in environmental conditions, developed adaptations that help them to balance their growth, reproduction, survival, and regeneration. However, knowledge regarding the genetic basis of species adaptation to higher altitude...

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Autores principales: Zaborowska, Julia, Łabiszak, Bartosz, Perry, Annika, Cavers, Stephen, Wachowiak, Witold
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073477
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author Zaborowska, Julia
Łabiszak, Bartosz
Perry, Annika
Cavers, Stephen
Wachowiak, Witold
author_facet Zaborowska, Julia
Łabiszak, Bartosz
Perry, Annika
Cavers, Stephen
Wachowiak, Witold
author_sort Zaborowska, Julia
collection PubMed
description Mountain plants, challenged by vegetation time contractions and dynamic changes in environmental conditions, developed adaptations that help them to balance their growth, reproduction, survival, and regeneration. However, knowledge regarding the genetic basis of species adaptation to higher altitudes remain scarce for most plant species. Here, we attempted to identify such corresponding genomic regions of high evolutionary importance in two closely related European pines, Pinus mugo and P. uncinata, contrasting them with a reference lowland relative—P. sylvestris. We genotyped 438 samples at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, tested their genetic differentiation and population structure followed by outlier detection and gene ontology annotations. Markers clearly differentiated the species and uncovered patterns of population structure in two of them. In P. uncinata three Pyrenean sites were grouped together, while two outlying populations constituted a separate cluster. In P. sylvestris, Spanish population appeared distinct from the remaining four European sites. Between mountain pines and the reference species, 35 candidate genes for altitude-dependent selection were identified, including such encoding proteins responsible for photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell redox homeostasis, regulation of transcription, and mRNA processing. In comparison between two mountain pines, 75 outlier SNPs were found in proteins involved mainly in the gene expression and metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-80368602021-04-12 Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa Zaborowska, Julia Łabiszak, Bartosz Perry, Annika Cavers, Stephen Wachowiak, Witold Int J Mol Sci Article Mountain plants, challenged by vegetation time contractions and dynamic changes in environmental conditions, developed adaptations that help them to balance their growth, reproduction, survival, and regeneration. However, knowledge regarding the genetic basis of species adaptation to higher altitudes remain scarce for most plant species. Here, we attempted to identify such corresponding genomic regions of high evolutionary importance in two closely related European pines, Pinus mugo and P. uncinata, contrasting them with a reference lowland relative—P. sylvestris. We genotyped 438 samples at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, tested their genetic differentiation and population structure followed by outlier detection and gene ontology annotations. Markers clearly differentiated the species and uncovered patterns of population structure in two of them. In P. uncinata three Pyrenean sites were grouped together, while two outlying populations constituted a separate cluster. In P. sylvestris, Spanish population appeared distinct from the remaining four European sites. Between mountain pines and the reference species, 35 candidate genes for altitude-dependent selection were identified, including such encoding proteins responsible for photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell redox homeostasis, regulation of transcription, and mRNA processing. In comparison between two mountain pines, 75 outlier SNPs were found in proteins involved mainly in the gene expression and metabolism. MDPI 2021-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8036860/ /pubmed/33801727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073477 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Zaborowska, Julia
Łabiszak, Bartosz
Perry, Annika
Cavers, Stephen
Wachowiak, Witold
Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title_full Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title_fullStr Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title_full_unstemmed Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title_short Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa
title_sort candidate genes for the high-altitude adaptations of two mountain pine taxa
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073477
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