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Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields

In southern China, the growing period of rice is synchronized with the rainy period, and the loss of nutrients (such as nitrogen) due to unreasonable irrigation and drainage, along with rainfall and runoff, has become the main source of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The laws of runoff and...

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Autores principales: Yu, Yanmei, Xu, Junzeng, Zhang, Pingcang, Meng, Yan, Xiong, Yujiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073348
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author Yu, Yanmei
Xu, Junzeng
Zhang, Pingcang
Meng, Yan
Xiong, Yujiang
author_facet Yu, Yanmei
Xu, Junzeng
Zhang, Pingcang
Meng, Yan
Xiong, Yujiang
author_sort Yu, Yanmei
collection PubMed
description In southern China, the growing period of rice is synchronized with the rainy period, and the loss of nutrients (such as nitrogen) due to unreasonable irrigation and drainage, along with rainfall and runoff, has become the main source of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The laws of runoff and nitrogen loss in paddy fields under different irrigation and drainage modes are not clear. In this study, field experiments were adopted to observe the runoff and nitrogen loss under typical rainfall and throughout the whole growth period. The results showed that, compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the controlled irrigation and drainage mode reduced the drainage of two typical rainfall processes by 47.5% and 31.3% and the peak drainage by 38.9% and 14.4%. Compared with those under the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the average concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 22.2%, 22.7%, and 27.8%, respectively, during the whole rainfall process on July 21 and were decreased by 27.1%, 11.4%, and 25.6%, respectively, on August 25. In irrigated rice areas, under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode, drainage was reduced after two intercepts through paddy fields and drainage ditches. The nitrogen concentration in the drainage ditch decreased due to the increase in retention time and the effect of the ditch and field wetland. Compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen loads of the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 69.8%, 65.3%, and 69.7%, respectively.
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spelling pubmed-80369122021-04-12 Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields Yu, Yanmei Xu, Junzeng Zhang, Pingcang Meng, Yan Xiong, Yujiang Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In southern China, the growing period of rice is synchronized with the rainy period, and the loss of nutrients (such as nitrogen) due to unreasonable irrigation and drainage, along with rainfall and runoff, has become the main source of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. The laws of runoff and nitrogen loss in paddy fields under different irrigation and drainage modes are not clear. In this study, field experiments were adopted to observe the runoff and nitrogen loss under typical rainfall and throughout the whole growth period. The results showed that, compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the controlled irrigation and drainage mode reduced the drainage of two typical rainfall processes by 47.5% and 31.3% and the peak drainage by 38.9% and 14.4%. Compared with those under the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the average concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 22.2%, 22.7%, and 27.8%, respectively, during the whole rainfall process on July 21 and were decreased by 27.1%, 11.4%, and 25.6%, respectively, on August 25. In irrigated rice areas, under the controlled irrigation and drainage mode, drainage was reduced after two intercepts through paddy fields and drainage ditches. The nitrogen concentration in the drainage ditch decreased due to the increase in retention time and the effect of the ditch and field wetland. Compared with the traditional irrigation and drainage mode, the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen loads of the controlled irrigation and drainage mode were reduced by 69.8%, 65.3%, and 69.7%, respectively. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8036912/ /pubmed/33805028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073348 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Yu, Yanmei
Xu, Junzeng
Zhang, Pingcang
Meng, Yan
Xiong, Yujiang
Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title_full Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title_fullStr Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title_full_unstemmed Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title_short Controlled Irrigation and Drainage Reduce Rainfall Runoff and Nitrogen Loss in Paddy Fields
title_sort controlled irrigation and drainage reduce rainfall runoff and nitrogen loss in paddy fields
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073348
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