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Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis

The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to convent...

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Autores principales: Augustyniak, Daria, Kramarska, Eliza, Mackiewicz, Paweł, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena, Lundy, Fionnuala T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33915818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073658
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author Augustyniak, Daria
Kramarska, Eliza
Mackiewicz, Paweł
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Lundy, Fionnuala T.
author_facet Augustyniak, Daria
Kramarska, Eliza
Mackiewicz, Paweł
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Lundy, Fionnuala T.
author_sort Augustyniak, Daria
collection PubMed
description The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via enhancement of the host’s innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. However, more recently concerns have been raised that some neuropeptides may have the potential to augment microbial virulence. In this review we discuss the dual role of neuropeptides, perceived as a double-edged sword, with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa but also capable of enhancing virulence and pathogenicity. We review the different ways by which neuropeptides modulate crucial stages of microbial pathogenesis such as adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion, intracellular lifestyle, dissemination, etc., including their anti-infective properties but also detrimental effects. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy and therapeutic potential of neuropeptides in murine models of infectious diseases and outline the intrinsic host factors as well as factors related to pathogen adaptation that may influence efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-80369532021-04-12 Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis Augustyniak, Daria Kramarska, Eliza Mackiewicz, Paweł Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena Lundy, Fionnuala T. Int J Mol Sci Review The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via enhancement of the host’s innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. However, more recently concerns have been raised that some neuropeptides may have the potential to augment microbial virulence. In this review we discuss the dual role of neuropeptides, perceived as a double-edged sword, with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa but also capable of enhancing virulence and pathogenicity. We review the different ways by which neuropeptides modulate crucial stages of microbial pathogenesis such as adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion, intracellular lifestyle, dissemination, etc., including their anti-infective properties but also detrimental effects. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy and therapeutic potential of neuropeptides in murine models of infectious diseases and outline the intrinsic host factors as well as factors related to pathogen adaptation that may influence efficacy. MDPI 2021-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8036953/ /pubmed/33915818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073658 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Augustyniak, Daria
Kramarska, Eliza
Mackiewicz, Paweł
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Lundy, Fionnuala T.
Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title_full Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title_short Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis
title_sort mammalian neuropeptides as modulators of microbial infections: their dual role in defense versus virulence and pathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8036953/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33915818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073658
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